Zaɓin daidaitaccen taga 36 x 72 yana buƙatar fayyace ma'aunin ƙima. Kowane gida yana buƙatar daidaitattun daidaito tsakanin salon gine-gine, aikin yanayi, ingantaccen makamashi, da farashin aikin. Masu gida masu wayo suna kimanta ƙarfin firam, ƙimar rufin gilashi, da salon aiki kafin yin siyan taga ta ƙarshe. Kimanta kowane rukunin taga 36 x 72 sosai yana tabbatar da ƙarfin tsari mai ɗorewa, yana rage kuɗin amfani, da ƙirƙirar yanayin rayuwa mai daɗi. Daidaita salon taga da ya dace da yanayin yanayi na gida yana ba da tabbacin gamsuwa duka.
Key Takeaways
Auna madaidaicin buɗewar bango a hankali don barin ƙarin sarari don rufewa da matakin daidaitawa.
Zaɓi salon aiki kamar rataye biyu ko akwati don dacewa da iskar ku da buƙatun tsaftacewa.
Zaɓi kayan firam masu ƙarfi kamar aluminium da aka keɓe don jure mummunan yanayi da dakatar da haɓakar danshi.
Hayar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masu sakawa don kare garantin taga ku da hana lalacewar ruwan gida mai tsada.
Girman Taga: Wane Girman Taga Ina Bukata?
Zaba daidaitattun girman taga sau da yawa yana rikitar da masu gida yayin aikin maye ko gyara. Mutane da yawa suna mamaki, wane girman taga nake buƙata don haskaka ɗakin falo mai duhu? Fahimtar ainihin ma'auni na gilashin tare da ma'aunin buɗe bangon bango yana hana kuskuren shigarwa na gama gari a kowane gida.
Auna M Buɗewa
Ƙungiyar taga 36 x 72 a zahiri tana auna ɗan ƙarami fiye da buɗe bangon da aka ƙera a tsarin gidan. Masu ginin suna gina ƙaƙƙarfan buɗaɗɗen bango kaɗan don ɗaukar madaidaicin rufi, kyalkyali, da daidaitaccen matakin kewaye naúrar.
Lokacin da 'yan kwangila suka auna tagogi, daidaitattun jagororin gini suna kafa cikakkun buƙatun tazara:
Jimlar Ƙimar Girmamawa : Madaidaitan jagororin suna ba da shawarar samar da ƙarin ½ inch zuwa ¾ inch a cikin jimlar faɗi da tsayi fiye da girman taga na ƙima.
Izinin Cire Gefe-Gani : Dokokin zama na yau da kullun sun ƙayyade barin rata ½-inch akan kowane gefe, wanda ke haifar da buɗewa inch 1 faɗi da inch 1 tsayi gabaɗaya.
Daidaita Girman Girman daki
Ƙirar bango, tazarar ingarma, da tsayin kan kai suna ƙayyade girman girman taga da ya dace don kowane sarari na ciki. Tushen bango suna rarraba kayan gini lafiyayye a kusa da wuraren buɗe bango, don haka dole ne magina su kimanta tallafin kan kai kafin su gyara fasalin bango.
Tsare-tsare mai wayo ya dace da girman taga tare da tsayin rufi da girman bango gabaɗaya don haɓaka hasken rana na yanayi.
Girman ɗaki da tsarin gine-gine suna ba da zaɓin zaɓin samfur tsakanin daidaitattun girman taga. Masu sakawa suna zaɓar daidaitattun girman taga masu dacewa don dacewa da girman bango da tsare-tsaren bene. Daidaita salon gilashin dogayen tare da shimfidar ɗaki na buɗe yana haifar da haske, wuraren zama masu kyan gani.
Shahararrun Salon Aiki don taga 36 x 72
Masu gida suna zaɓar hanyoyin buɗewa daban-daban don dacewa da abubuwan da suke so. Babban naúrar kamar taga 36 x 72 tana goyan bayan ƙira masu aiki da yawa. Kowane zaɓi yana canza shigarwar haske, kwararar iska, da ayyukan kiyayewa. Masu gida yakamata su kwatanta shahararrun salon taga don nemo mafi kyawun wasa don abubuwan yau da kullun.
Biyu-Hung Windows
Raka'o'in da aka rataye sau biyu suna matsayi a cikin mafi yawan zaɓuɓɓukan gargajiya don wuraren zama na zamani. Dukansu na sama da na ƙasa suna zamewa a tsaye a cikin firam ɗin. Wannan ƙirar sash mai dual-sash yana ba mazauna cikakken iko akan kwararar iska. Buɗe sarƙar saman yana barin iska mai dumi ta kuɓuta, yayin da buɗe sarƙoƙin ƙasa yana jan iska mai sanyi a ciki.
Siffar | Biyu-Hung Windows | Window Single-Hung |
|---|---|---|
Sash Operation | Dukansu na sama da ƙananan sashes suna motsawa da kansu | Sash ɗaya ne kawai ake iya aiki (yawanci ƙasa) |
Dabarun Samun iska | Iska mai dumi tana fitar da sama yayin da sanyin iska ke shiga ta kasa | An taƙaita kwararar iska zuwa buɗewa ɗaya |
Tsaftacewa & Kulawa | karkatar da sashes yana ba da damar tsabtace ciki da na waje da gilashin aminci daga cikin gida | Tsaftace waje yakan buƙaci tsani ko sabis na ƙwararru, musamman akan benaye na sama |
Wannan tsarin yana ba da fa'idodi masu kyau:
Sauƙaƙewar iska : Samfuran da aka rataye sau biyu suna ba da izinin buɗewa lokaci guda na sashes na sama da na ƙasa, ƙirƙirar tasirin yanayin ɗabi'a wanda ke sakin iska mai ɗumi na cikin gida yayin ja cikin iska mai kyau a waje.
Tsabtace Tsabtace Cikin Aminci : Tsarin karkatar da kai yana bawa masu gida damar tsaftace filayen gilashin waje daga cikin ɗakin, kawar da haɗarin aminci da ke da alaƙa da hawan tsani don kula da taga na bene.
Masu saye sukan yi bita daidaitattun girman taga don tabbatar da waɗannan dogayen raka'a sun dace da girman bangonsu ba tare da matsala ba.
Window Single-Hung
Ƙungiyoyin da aka rataye guda ɗaya suna ba da kyan gani na gargajiya tare da sassa na inji mai sauƙi. Sashin saman ya kasance yana daidaitawa a wurinsa. Ƙarƙashin sash ɗin kawai yana motsawa sama da ƙasa don ba da iska. Wannan ginin mai sauƙi yana haifar da zaɓi na tattalin arziki don yawancin ayyukan inganta gida.
Saboda ƙananan sassa suna motsawa, raka'a masu rataye guda ɗaya suna kula da ingantaccen tsarin tsari. 'Yan kwangila akai-akai suna shigar da waɗannan raka'a a cikin shimfidar gida na gargajiya. Masu gida suna zaɓar girman taga daban-daban dangane da tsayin ɗaki da share bango. Har yanzu sashin da ake iya aiki da shi yana ba da isasshiyar iska mai kyau don daidaitattun ɗakunan kwana da wuraren zama.
Windows Casement
Zaɓuɓɓukan ɗaki suna jujjuya waje kamar ƙaramar kofa ta amfani da ƙugiya ta gefe. Wannan ƙirar tana ɗaukar iskar gefe kuma tana jagorantar iska mai kyau kai tsaye zuwa cikin gida.
Lokacin rufewa, na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto tana jan firam ɗin gilashin dam a kan hatimin waje. Wannan tsarin yana ba da juriya mafi girma ga yanayin yanayi mara kyau.
Nau'in Taga | Matsakaicin Yawan Ficewar iska | Ayyukan Injin Rufewa |
|---|---|---|
Windows Casement | A ƙasa 0.10 cfm/ft² (Raka'a masu ƙima) | Sash yana matsawa sosai a kan firam ɗin a duk bangarorin huɗu lokacin kulle; matsin iska na waje yana ƙarfafa hatimi. |
Biyu-Hung / Window mai zamewa | Yana kusa da 0.30 cfm/ft² (Iyakar ENERGY STAR) | Gabaɗaya yana nuna ƙimar kutsawa cikin iska saboda ƙirar waƙar zamewa. |
Iska mai ƙarfi a waje a haƙiƙa yana danna maƙarƙashiya da ƙarfi a kan firam ɗin yanayin yanayi. Wannan matsi na iska yana kiyaye yanayin zafi na cikin gida kuma yana rage asarar makamashin dumama.
Windows Hoto
Raka'o'in hoto suna tsayawa gaba ɗaya ba tare da wani sassa masu motsi ko hannaye ba. Kafaffen raka'o'in gilashi suna isar da mafi girman haske na halitta da ra'ayoyin waje mara shinge. Ba tare da buɗe hanyoyin ba, raka'a hoto suna kawar da haɗarin zubar iska gaba ɗaya.
Masu gine-gine galibi suna haɗa tsayayyen ƙira tare da salon taga masu aiki don ƙirƙirar bangon gilashin na al'ada. Masu gida suna zaɓar daidaitattun girman taga don kiyaye daidaitattun layukan gani a facade na ginin su. Daidaita girman girman taga uniform yana haifar da daidaitaccen kamanni na waje yayin kiyaye shigarwar aikin santsi da inganci.
Zaɓan Kayan Firam da Dorewa
Kayayyakin ƙira suna tasiri kwanciyar hankali na tsari, tsayin samfur, da ingancin kuzari. Babban naúrar yana buƙatar firam mai ƙarfi don riƙe manyan bangarorin gilashin amintattu cikin shekaru masu yawa. Masu gida suna kwatanta vinyl, itace, da kayan aluminum don nemo mafi kyawun wasa don ƙirar ginin su.
Frames Vinyl Ƙananan Kulawa
Firam ɗin Vinyl suna ba da wurin shiga mai araha ga masu mallakar dukiya da yawa. Waɗannan fassarorin bayanan filastik suna tsayayya da lalacewar danshi kuma baya buƙatar zanen waje. Koyaya, tsananin hasken rana yana haifar da ƙalubalen aiki na dogon lokaci don kayan vinyl.
Saitunan babban-UV masu ƙarfi suna haɓaka lalacewa ta jiki akan firam ɗin vinyl. Firam ɗin da ba su da kariya galibi suna nuna tsananin karyewar kayan abu, alli, da shuɗewar launi cikin shekaru 8 zuwa 12. Saboda haka, masu gida dole ne su maye gurbin raka'a masu wulakanci a baya fiye da daidaitattun shekaru 15 zuwa 20.
Masu gida suna bin tsarin kula da taga na vinyl na yau da kullun don tsawaita rayuwar samfuran gaba ɗaya a cikin yanayin rana mai zafi:
Nau'in awo | Cikakken Bayani / Tasiri | Yawanci |
|---|---|---|
Tasirin Tsawon Rayuwa | Bayyanar UV yana rage tsawon rayuwa na asali (shekaru 25-45) ta shekaru 5 zuwa 10 ba tare da kariya ba. | N/A |
Kulawa na yau da kullun | Gilashi mai tsabta mai zurfi / firam, kayan shafa mai, duba caulking na waje, maye gurbin yanayin yanayi | Shekara-shekara |
Kulawa na yau da kullun | Wanke firam ɗin da sabulu mai laushi / ruwa, share tarkace daga waƙoƙi da ramukan kuka, bincika ɗigon ruwa | Semi-shekara-shekara/Lokaci |
Yadda ake Bukatar Gyara | Adireshin magudanar ruwa, taɓa gibin cauling, gyara ƙananan lalacewa, gyara sassan da suka gaza | Kamar yadda ake bukata |
Tsararrun itacen gargajiya
Zaɓuɓɓukan katako na gargajiya suna ba da salo na taga na gargajiya da kuma ɗumi na halitta mai ban sha'awa don wuraren ciki. Itace tana ba da ingantaccen rufin halitta don daskarewar yanayin waje.
Koyaya, katako na halitta yana buƙatar ci gaba da kulawa don hana lalacewa, faɗaɗa jiki, da kamuwa da kwari. Ruwan sama mai ƙarfi na iya lalata firam ɗin taga da ba a kula da su ba na tsawon lokaci. Masu gida dole ne su sake yin fenti ko sanya abin rufe fuska a saman itacen waje kowane ƴan shekaru don kiyaye ƙarfin tsari.
Derchi Window and Door Aluminum Systems
Tsarin aluminium na zamani yana ba da ƙarfi na musamman tare da siriri, ƙayatattun ƙirar bayanan martaba. Zaɓin taga mai girman 36 x 72 yana buƙatar ingantaccen tsari don tallafawa dogayen fakitin gilashi ba tare da lankwasa ko sagging ba. Derchi taga da kofa suna ba da tsarin aluminium da aka karye da zafin jiki wanda aka ƙera don ɗaukar nauyi mai nauyi da aiki mai dorewa.
Waɗannan ƙarfin ƙarfi Bayanan martabar taga aluminium sun ƙunshi nau'ikan 6063-T5 na ƙirar aluminium. Faɗin rufin rufin polyamide suna karya gadoji masu zafi kuma suna dakatar da canjin zafi mara so.
Siffar Zane | Ƙayyadaddun Fasaha | Gudunmawa ga Juriya na Namiji |
|---|---|---|
Rubutun Insulation Polyamide | 35-44 mm nisa | Yana hana zafin zafi ta cikin firam, yana hana gadoji masu sanyi. |
Kauri Profile & Geometry | 1.8-2.0 mm kauri, sassan rami da yawa | Yana haɓaka ingantaccen tsari kuma yana ƙirƙirar aljihun iska na ciki don jinkirin canja wurin zafi. |
Daidaitawar Isotherm | Ingantacciyar ƙirar saman ciki | Yana kiyaye mafi girma, mafi kwanciyar hankali yanayin firam na cikin gida, yana hana danshi daga takurawa. |
Rufin Kogo | Cika abin rufe fuska na zaɓi | Ƙarin yana ƙuntata ƙarfin zafi idan aka kwatanta da ramukan, firam ɗin aluminum mara zafi. |
Derchi aluminum tsarin kula da high, barga yanayin zafi don dakatar da ciki gilashin gumi. Babban injiniyan gine-gine yana ba wa masu mallakar kadarori kunkuntar wuraren gani, matsakaicin hasken rana, da kariyar yanayi mai dorewa. Masu gida suna kula da wurare masu daɗi na cikin gida yayin da suke kare kowane buɗe taga daga matsanancin yanayi.
Ingantaccen Makamashi da Abubuwan Gilashin thermal
Kowane gida yana buƙatar bayyanannen ƙimar aikin rufi don gamsar da ƙaƙƙarfan lambobin gini na gida. U-Factor yana auna rigakafin asarar zafi, yayin da Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) ke bin diddigin zafin rana yana shiga ta firam ɗin taga. Zaɓin sashin gilashin da ya dace yana rage farashin wutar lantarki na wata-wata sosai.
Low-E Coatings da Argon Cika
Rubutun ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan-E suna nuna zafi na ciki a baya a lokacin hunturu kuma suna toshe hasken rana a waje yayin bazara. Bayanai daga shirin ENERGY STAR sun nuna cewa haɓakawa zuwa ƙwararrun tagogi sanye da fasahar gilashin Low-E yana haifar da raguwar matsakaiciyar ƙasa a farashin makamashin mazaunin har zuwa 13%.
Derchi taga da kofa suna kera raka'o'in gilashin da ke cike da argon don iyakar daidaita yanayin yanayi. Maye gurbin iskar da aka kama tare da iskar argon mai yawa yana rage canjin zafi tsakanin yadudduka na gilashi.
Nau'in Cika Gas | Thermal Conductivity | Bambancin Ayyuka |
|---|---|---|
Standard Air | 0.026 W/(mK) | Baseline |
Argon Gas | 0.018 W/(mK) | ~ 30% zuwa 33% ƙananan halayen thermal |
Wannan iskar gas mai ƙarancin ƙarfi yana tsayawa a cikin kowane rukunin da aka rufe tagar Derchi don kare ta'aziyyar gida kowace shekara.
Biyu vs. Rubutun Pane Sau Uku
Masu gida suna zaɓar kauri na gilashi bisa la'akari da bukatun yanayi na yanki da abubuwan muhalli. Raka'a-fane-biyu suna ɗaukar yanayi mai sauƙi cikin sauƙi, yayin da zaɓuɓɓukan fane mai sau uku suna ba da fifiko sautin sauti da kariya ta thermal don matsananciyar saituna.
Yankin Yanayi na IECC | Bayanin Yanayi | Matsayin Tasirin Kuɗi-Pane Sau Uku | Direban Kudi na Farko |
|---|---|---|---|
Yankuna 1-3 | Hot / Mixed-Humid | Ba Mai Tasiri ba | Babban farashin gaba ba tare da isasshen tanadin makamashi na lokacin dumama ba; biyu-pane ya fi wayo. |
Yankuna 4-5 | Mixed / Canje-canje | Tsari-Tsarin Yanayi | An ba da izini da farko don tagogi masu fuskantar arewa ko ƙa'idodin gini masu inganci. |
Yankuna 6-7 | Sanyi | Mai Tasirin Kuɗi | Babban kwanakin digiri na dumama (HDD) yana hanzarta mayar da martani har sau 2.8 cikin sauri fiye da yankuna masu dumi. |
Yanki 8 | Sanyi sosai/Subarctic | Matsanancin Ƙarya-Tasiri / Wajibi | Matsakaicin buƙatun dumama yana samar da matsakaicin tanadin makamashi don daidaita ƙimar samfur. |
Zaba tagogi masu amfani da makamashi suna tabbatar da daidaiton yanayin yanayin ɗaki a duk yanayi. Masu mallakar kadarorin suna rage kuɗaɗen amfani da sauri ta hanyar shigar da ingantaccen taga mai girman 36 x 72 wanda aka keɓance da takamaiman yankin yanayin su.
Budgeting da Ƙwararrun Shigarwa
Tsara ingantaccen haɓaka gida mai nasara yana buƙatar sarrafa kuɗi mai wayo. Masu gida dole ne su daidaita farashin samfur na gaba tare da tanadin makamashi na dogon lokaci.
Abubuwan Maye gurbin Taga
Kayan firam, zaɓin gilashin tsari, da girman taga na al'ada suna tasiri kai tsaye jimlar kuɗin aikin. Zaɓin daidaitattun girman taga yana kiyaye farashin masana'anta da tsinkaya da kuma daidaita kasafin kuɗi. Shigar da ingantattun tagogi masu inganci yana haɓaka ƙimar kadarorin gabaɗaya yayin da rage kuɗaɗen amfani na wata-wata. Koyaya, zabar girman taga da ba a saba gani ba yana ƙara ƙimar ƙirƙira ta al'ada sosai.
Ƙwararrun Shigarwa vs DIY
Taga mai nauyi 36 x 72 yana buƙatar ingantaccen tsarin tallafi yayin saiti. Yawancin masu sha'awar DIY suna la'akari da shigar da babban taga ba tare da taimakon ƙwararru ba. Rashin isassun shigarwa yana ba da damar kutsawa ruwa wanda ya ƙasƙantar da firam ɗin taga na farko da ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin ginin mazaunin, yana lalata mutuncin ginin da kuma haifar da tsadar gyara.
Rukunin Hadarin | Musamman Hatsari & Dalilan Kasawa | Haɓaka farashin gazawar |
|---|---|---|
Babban Gudanarwa | Karɓar firam ɗin 100-200+ lb ba tare da ƙwararrun kayan aikin ɗagawa ba yana haifar da raguwar raka'a da fashewar gilashi. | Kudin maye gurbin kayan aiki da yuwuwar kuɗaɗen raunin jiki. |
Rashin Ingantacciyar Ruwa | Tsallake saman walƙiya ko kumfa yana ba ruwa damar shiga kogon bangon ciki. | $1,000 zuwa $10,000 don lalata itace da gyare-gyaren tsari. |
Sake shigar da kuskure | Matsayin matakin matakin taga da karyewar hatimin suna buƙatar cikakken cirewa daga kwararru. | $2,800 don gyaran lalacewar ruwa da $2,400 don sake girka. |
Hayar ƙwararrun ƴan kwangilar yana kawar da waɗannan haɗarin shigarwa masu tsada gaba ɗaya. ƙwararrun masu sakawa suna daidaita buɗaɗɗen bango daidai, rufe kowane rata, da amintattun masu kai na tsari. Ƙwararrun shigarwa yana ba da garantin ingantacciyar ƙarfin kuzari yayin samar da mahimman kariyar garanti:
Rufe don Laifin Ƙirƙira : Yana tabbatar da kariya daga lahani na asali ya kasance mai cikakken inganci.
Riƙon Garanti : Yana hana gabaɗayan asarar ɗaukar hoto lalacewa ta hanyar hanyoyin saitin da ba a yarda da su ba.
Kariyar gazawar ɓangaren : Yana kiyaye ɗaukar hoto don ɓangarorin taga masu mahimmanci, gami da gilashi, firam, da hatimin yanayi akan ƙin yarda.
Dogaro da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun hakora suna tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na dogon lokaci na tsawon lokaci) na tsawon lokaci, tare da kare zuba jari na gida na shekaru da yawa.
Masu gida yakamata su sake duba jerin abubuwan bincike da sauri kafin zabar taga 36 x 72 don gidansu. Na farko, bincika aikin zafi kamar U-factor da ƙimar SHGC. Na biyu, zaɓi salon matsi-hatimin taga kamar a harsashi . Na uku, tabbatar da ƙimar ɗigon iska a 0.30 cfm/ft² ko ƙasa don tabbatar da inganci na dogon lokaci.
Masu mallakar kadarorin yakamata su tuntubi ƙwararrun masana'anta kamar taga Derchi da kofa don mafita na gine-gine na al'ada. Su Firam ɗin aluminium masu zafi suna sa kowane gida jin daɗi yayin matsanancin yanayi.
FAQ
Shin girman 36 x 72 ana ɗaukar daidaitattun girman taga?
Masu gini akai-akai suna zaɓa daidaitattun girman taga kamar 36 x 72 don dogayen wuraren zama. Waɗannan girman suna kawo yawan hasken rana cikin ɗakuna masu zurfi. Masu masana'anta suna samar da waɗannan daidaitattun girman taga akai-akai, suna ba masu siye da sauri zuwa shahararrun girman taga.
Ta yaya masu siye ke zabar salon taga da suka dace da gidansu?
Masu gida suna kimanta buƙatun samun iska da shimfidar ɗaki da farko. Zaɓuɓɓukan ɗakuna suna haɓaka iska, yayin da samfuran rataye biyu suna ba da tsabtatawa mai sauƙi. Kwatanta nau'ikan taga daban-daban yana taimaka wa masu siye su zaɓi ƙirar aiki waɗanda ke haɓaka roƙon gida.
Me yasa dole 'yan kwangila su tabbatar da buɗewar bango kafin zaɓar girman taga?
Matakin tantancewa | Mabuɗin Manufar |
|---|---|
M Ma'aunin Buɗewa | Yana ba da damar ɗaki don shimming da rufi |
Binciken Tsara | Yana ba da garantin tallafin kaya mai kyau |
'Yan kwangila suna ƙara gibin sharewa a kusa da firam don shimming da rufi. Daidaitaccen ma'auni yana tabbatar da ingantattun girman taga don daidaitawa mara kyau ba tare da ƙarin gyare-gyare na bango ba.
Ta yaya taga mai girma ya inganta jin daɗin ɗaki?
Taga mai amfani da makamashi yana kulle zafi a cikin lokacin sanyi kuma yana nuna zafin rana a cikin watannin bazara. Shigar da taga canji na zamani yana dakatar da zayyana sanyi, kiyaye yanayin zafi na ciki da rage kashe kuɗin makamashi na shekara.
