ubude kangakanani umnyango osemgangathweni

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba kutheni iingcango kumakhaya amaninzi zibonakala zinobude obufanayo? Nokuba utshintsha ucango lonakeleyo okanye ucwangcisa ukulungiswa, ukuqonda imilinganiselo yocango olusemgangathweni kubalulekile kwinkqubo yofakelo egudileyo. Ukukhangela ubungakanani bomnyango akufuneki uzive ngathi ukusombulula iphazili!

I umgangatho wocango oluqhelekileyo kumakhaya amaninzi aseMelika yi-intshi ezingama-80 (i-6 iinyawo 8 intshi), usebenzisa kuzo zombini iingcango zangaphakathi kunye nezangaphandle kulwakhiwo lwangoku. Olu lungelelwaniso lunceda ukugcina iindleko zisezantsi kubanini bezindlu kunye nabavelisi ngokufanayo, njengoko iingcango zinokuveliswa ngobuninzi kwiinkcukacha ezingaguqukiyo.

Kwesi sikhokelo sibanzi, uya kufunda yonke into malunga nobude obuqhelekileyo bamacango, ukusuka ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwemilinganiselo yocango ukuya kwingqwalasela eyodwa yokufikeleleka kwesitulo esinamavili. Siza kugubungela indlela yokulinganisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuvuleka kocango kwaye ukhethe imilinganiselo efanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho ezithile.

iMilinganiselo yoBubude bomnyango oMgangatho eMelika

Mde Kangakanani ucango oluqhelekileyo?

I umgangatho wocango oluqhelekileyo eUnited States yi 80 intshi, elingana ne 6 iinyawo 8 intshi. Lo mlinganiso uye waba yinto eqhelekileyo yoshishino kuzo zombini iingcango zangaphakathi kunye nezangaphandle kumakhaya amaninzi anamhlanje. Abavelisi bavelisa iingcango kobu buphakamo kuba buhlalisa umntu oqhelekileyo ngokukhululeka ngelixa begcina imfezeko yesakhiwo.

Xa uthengela ucango lokutshintsha, lo mgangatho we-intshi ezingama-80 wenza inkqubo ibe lula kakhulu. Awuyi kufuna ukukhangela iinketho zobungakanani obuqhelekileyo kwiimeko ezininzi. Ukumiselwa komgangatho kunceda abaninimzi baphephe iindleko ezingalindelekanga ngexesha leeprojekthi zokutshintshwa kweengcango.

Iiyantlukwano zeNgingqi kwi-Standard Door Heights

Ngelixa i-intshi ezingama-80 zihlala zingowona mgangatho ubalaseleyo kulo lonke elaseMelika, kukho umahluko wengingqi:

- Amakhaya amaDala: Izindlu ezakhiwa ngaphambi kweminyaka yoo-1950 zihlala zinobude obufutshane bomnyango, ngakumbi kumagumbi angaphantsi kunye nemigangatho ephezulu.

IiPropati ezikumgangatho oPhezulu: amakhaya anqabileyo kwimimandla ethile anokuba neengcango ezinde (84-96 intshi) ukwenza ubungangamsha.

- Imimandla engaseluNxwemeni: Eminye imimandla eselunxwemeni ineengcango zangaphandle ezinde kancinci ukuze zivumelane nemozulu eyongezelelweyo.

Olu lwahluko lubonisa izithethe zezakhiwo zendawo, ukuqwalaselwa kwemozulu, okanye nje ixesha apho amakhaya ayesakhiwa.

Ukuzivelela kweMbali yeMigangatho yoBubude bomnyango

Ukuphakama kwamacango kuye kwavela kakhulu kwimbali yoyilo lwaseMelika:

- Era Colonial (1600s-1700s): Iingcango zazidla ngokuba mfutshane, ngokufuthi malunga 72-76 intshi.

- Ixesha le-Victorian (1800s): Ukuphakama kwamacango kwaqala ukwanda njengoko ukuphakama kwesilingi kwakukhula.

- Mid-Century (1900s): Umgangatho we-80-intshi uye wasekwa ngakumbi njengoko ubuchule bokuvelisa ngobuninzi buphuhliswa.

- Ixesha langoku (Ngoku): Ngelixa i-intshi ezingama-80 zihlala zisemgangathweni, amakhaya anesilingi ephezulu ngoku ngamanye amaxesha aneengcango ukuya kuthi ga kwi-intshi ezingama-96 ubude.

Olu tshintsho lubonisa utshintsho kubuchule bokwakha, umndilili wobude bomntu, kunye nokukhethwa kobuhle ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo.

IiYunithi zoMlinganiso: I-Imperial vs. Metric Door Height Standards

EUnited States, ukuphakama kweminyango kulinganiswa ngokuyintloko kusetyenziswa inkqubo yobukhosi:

- Ubude obuqhelekileyo: 80 intshi okanye 6 iinyawo 8 intshi

-Ukhetho olugqithisiweyo: 84 okanye 96 intshi

Kwireferensi yamazwe ngamazwe, ezi ziguqulela kwimilinganiselo yemetric:

- Ubude obuqhelekileyo: 203.2 centimeters

- Iinketho ezigqithisiweyo: 213.4 okanye 243.8 centimeters

Xa u-odola iingcango, soloko uqinisekisa ukuba yeyiphi inkqubo yokulinganisa esetyenziswayo. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuba uthenga iingcango ezivela kumazwe angaphandle okanye usebenza neekontraka zamazwe ngamazwe ezinokusebenzisa iinkcukacha zemetric.

Uninzi lwababoneleli bezakhiwo kwi-US uluhlu lobude bomnyango ngee-intshi, kodwa ukwazi zombini iinkqubo kunceda ukuphepha iimpazamo ezixabisa iindleko zokulinganisa ngexesha lokulungiswa okanye iiprojekthi zokwakha.

Ukuphakama koMgangatho oMgangatho owahlukileyo ngoNxibelelwano lwamacango

ImiGangatho yoBubude bomnyango wangaphakathi

Ubude obuqhelekileyo kwiingcango zangaphakathi kumakhaya anamhlanje aseMelika yi-80 intshi (6 iinyawo 8 intshi). Lo mlinganiselo ube luphawu loshishino lokungaguquguquki kunye nokusebenza. Makhe sihlolisise ukuba oku kusebenza njani kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zangaphakathi:

Igumbi lokulala eliMgangatho kunye neBathroom yoMphakamo woCango

Igumbi lokulala kunye neengcango zegumbi lokuhlambela zigcina ubude obuqhelekileyo be-intshi ezingama-80 kuwo wonke amakhaya anamhlanje. Ezi ndawo zinetrafikhi ephezulu ziyazuza kulomlinganiselo ongaguqukiyo kuba:

-Inika imvume ekhululekileyo kubantu bobude obahlukeneyo

-Ivumela ukuhamba lula kwefenitshala kunye nezinto ezinkulu

- Yenza ulungelelwaniso olubonakalayo kwikhaya lonke

Uninzi lwabavelisi bavelisa ezi ngcango kwinqanaba lobude obungama-intshi angama-80, okwenza ukutshintshwa kube lula kwaye kungabizi.

I-Closet kunye neGumbi eliSebenzayo leMigangatho yoBubude bomnyango

Ngelixa umgangatho we-intshi ezingama-80 usebenza kuninzi lweengcango zangaphakathi, ama-closets kunye neendawo eziluncedo ngamanye amaxesha zibonisa ukuhluka:

Ezi ndawo zincinci ngamanye amaxesha zisebenzisa iingcango ezimfutshane, ngakumbi kumakhaya amadala anemida yendawo okanye iisilingi ezisezantsi.

Iiyantlukwano kwi-Interior Door Heights: IiNdawo zangoku vs. Amakhaya amaDala

Ukuphakama kwamacango kuye kwavela kakhulu ngokuhamba kwexesha:

-Amakhaya angaphambi koo-1950s: Ahlala ebonisa iingcango ezimfutshane (76-78 intshi)

- Amakhaya aphakathi kwiNkulungwane (1950s-1970s): Aqala ukulinganisa i-intshi ezingama-80

-Amakhaya angoku (ngo-1980-ngoku): Sebenzisa rhoqo i-intshi ezingama-80 kunye namakhaya eprimiyamu anokhetho olude.

Amakhaya amadala, ngakumbi kumagumbi angaphantsi okanye amabali aphezulu, ahlala enobude obungengomgangatho wengcango. Oku kubonisa ukutshintsha kweendlela zokwakha kunye nokukhethwa kobuhle ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo okwakha.

IiMfuno zokuThotyelwa kwe-ADA kwi-Interior Door Heights

UMthetho waseMelika oKhubazekileyo (ADA) ubonelela ngezikhokelo ezithile zokufikeleleka kweminyango kwiindawo zorhwebo kunye nezifikelelekayo zokuhlala:

- Ubuncinci ubude obucacileyo: i-intshi ezingama-80 (zihambelana nokuphakama kwendawo yokuhlala)

- Ububanzi obucacileyo bokuvula: Ubuncinci i-intshi ezingama-32 xa ucango luvuliwe kwii-90 degrees

-Isithuba sokuLawula: Ucoceko olufunekayo kufutshane neminyango

Ngelixa i-ADA ingagunyazisi iingcango ezinde, iqinisekisa ukukhutshwa okwaneleyo kubasebenzisi bezitulo ezinamavili kunye nabantu abanezixhobo zokuhamba.

IiMfuno zoMthetho weZindlu ezinoBulungisa

I-Fair Housing Act ifuna ukuba iingcango zendawo yokuhlala kwizindlu zokuhlala ezineentsapho ezininzi zibe:

- Ubuncinci be-32-intshi ububanzi obucacileyo (hayi ubude)

- Ubude obuqhelekileyo be-80-intshi ngokubanzi kuyanelisa iimfuno

- Usulelo olufanelekileyo lokufikeleleka

Ezi mfuno zijolise ikakhulu kububanzi kunobude kodwa zisebenza ecaleni komgangatho we-80-intshi ukuphakama ukuqinisekisa ukufikeleleka.

ImiGangatho yoBubude bomnyango wangaphandle

yokuPhakamisa komnyango wangaphambili Imigangatho

Iingcango zokungena ngaphambili zigcina i-80-intshi (6'8') ubude obuqhelekileyo, kodwa kunomahluko obalulekileyo:

- Iingcango zokungena eziqhelekileyo: 80 intshi ubude, 36 intshi ububanzi

-Amakhaya ePremium: Ngamana aneengcango ezingama-84 okanye ezingama-96-intshi ubude

- Iitransom zokuhombisa: Ihlala yongezwa ngaphezulu kweengcango ezisemgangathweni zokuphucula ubuhle

Ezi ngcango ziqhelekile ukuba ngqindilili (1¾ i-intshi) kuneengcango zangaphakathi zokhuseleko olungcono kunye nokugquma.

Umnyango ongasemva kunye neeMfuno zoBubude bomnyango wecala

Iingcango zokungena ngasemva nasecaleni zilandela imigangatho efanayo yokuphakama njengeengcango zangaphambili:

- Ngokuqhelekileyo 80 intshi ubude

- Ngokuqhelekileyo 32 okanye 36 intshi ububanzi

- Isenokuba mfutshane kancinci kumakhaya amadala

Zisebenza zombini iinjongo ezisebenzayo kunye nezokhuseleko ngelixa zigcina ukuhambelana nezinye iingcango zangaphandle.

I-Patio kunye ne-Sliding Door ye-Glass yoMphakamo oMgangatho

Iingcango zeglasi ezityibilikayo zigcina ubude obungama-intshi angama-80 kunye nokwahluka okuthile:

-Ubude obuMgangatho: i-intshi ezingama-80 (ezihambelana nezinye iingcango zangaphandle)

-Iinketho zePrimiyamu: Ifumaneka kwii-intshi ezingama-82 okanye ezingama-96 kumakhaya anesilingi eziphezulu

- Iinketho zobubanzi: Ngokuqhelekileyo 60, 72, okanye 96 intshi ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu bokuvula

Ezi ngcango zidala iinguqu ezingenamthungo zangaphakathi-zangaphandle ngelixa zigcina ubude obuhambelanayo kunye nezinye iingcango.

Ucango lwesiFrentshi kunye neeNgqwalaselo zoBubude bomnyango ophindwe kabini

Iingcango zaseFransi kunye neengcango zokungena kabini zilandela iipateni zokuphakama ezifanayo:

-Ubude obuMgangatho: 80 intshi (iiphaneli zocango lomntu ngamnye)

- Iinketho zePremium: 84-96 intshi zokungena ezinkulu

- Ububanzi: Iphaneli nganye ngokuqhelekileyo 30-36 intshi ububanzi

Ezi zikhetho zokuhombisa zibonelela ngokuvuleka okubanzi ngelixa ugcina ukuphakama okusemgangathweni okanye ukubonelela ngeendlela eziphakamileyo kumakhaya aphezulu.

Iingcango ezinkulu zokungena kunye neeKhetho zoMphakamo wesiko

Kumakhaya anqabileyo okanye ukungena okumangalisayo, ukhetho lokuphakama kwesiko lubandakanya:

- Iingcango ze-8-Foot: 96 intshi ubude, ukudala impembelelo ephawulekayo

-IziPhakamiso eziGqwethiweyo ngokweSiko: Unokwandisa i-intshi ezininzi ngaphezulu kobude obuqhelekileyo

-Ukuphakama okuphindwe kabini: Ngamanye amaxesha kubandakanywa iingcango ukuya kwi-intshi ze-120

Olu khetho lugqithisiweyo ludala impembelelo yembonakalo kodwa lufuna ukuqwalaselwa okukhethekileyo kofakelo kunye nofakelo.

Ukutyibilika komnyango weglasi imilinganiselo

Iingcango zeglasi ezityibilikayo zibonelela ngonxibelelwano oluhle phakathi kweendawo zangaphakathi kunye nezangaphandle ngelixa ukhulisa ukukhanya kwendalo. Imilinganiselo yabo ilandela imigangatho ethile ukuqinisekisa ukufaneleka nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukuphakama kocango lweGlasi olusemgangathweni

Uninzi lweengcango zeglasi ezityibilikayo zigcina ubude bomgangatho woshishino lwee-intshi ezingama-80 (iinyawo ezi-6 ii-intshi ezisi-8). Lo mlinganiselo ungaguqukiyo ulungelelaniswa ngokugqibeleleyo kunye nomgangatho ophakathi kunye nokuphakama komnyango wangaphandle. Ukufana kwenza ukufakela kube lula kwaye kugcina iindleko zokuvelisa zifanelekile.

Kumakhaya anesilingi eziphezulu okanye uyilo lwesiko, ukhetho olude lukhona:

- Ubude obuqhelekileyo: 80 intshi

- Uluhlu oluphakathi ukhetho: 82 intshi

Ubude bePremium: 96 intshi (8 iinyawo)

Iingcango eziphakamileyo ze-96-intshi zenza impembelelo ebonakalayo ebonakalayo kwaye ivumela iimbono ezibanzi. Zithandwa kakhulu kumakhaya obutofotofo anesilingi eziphezulu okanye uyilo oluvulelekileyo.

Ububanzi bocango lweglasi oluqhelekileyo

Iingcango zeglasi ezityibilikayo ziza kwiinketho ezininzi zobubanzi obuqhelekileyo ukulungiselela ukuvuleka kodonga olwahlukeneyo:

Ububanzi obuziintshi ezingama-72 (iinyawo ezi-6) bumele obona bukhulu buqhelekileyo kwiingcango zokutyibilika zokuhlala. Ibonelela ngepaseji eyaneleyo ngelixa ilinganisa imilinganiselo yesakhelo esisemgangathweni.

Iphaneli enye vs. Uqwalaselo lweePaneli ezininzi

Iingcango zeglasi ezityibilikayo zibonelela ngolungelelwaniso lweepaneli ezahlukeneyo ezisekwe kwiimfuno zobubanzi kunye neemfuno zokusebenza:

Iingcango ezinePaneli ezimbini

- Uqwalaselo oluninzi oluqhelekileyo

- Iphaneli enye esisigxina kunye nepaneli enye yesilayidi

- Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa i-60 ' kunye ne-72' ububanzi

- Ibonelela ngokuvula isiqingatha sobubanzi xa yandisiwe ngokupheleleyo

Iingcango ezinePaneli ezintathu

- Iphaneli yombindi idla ngokutyibilika phakathi kweephaneli ezimbini ezisisigxina

- Eqhelekileyo kwi-96' ukuya kwi-108' ububanzi

- Yenza imivalo ebanzi yokuphucula ukuhamba

-Ifuna inkxaso eyongezelelekileyo yokuqulunqa

Iingcango ezinePaneli ezine

- Iiphaneli ezimbini ezityibilikayo phakathi kweziphelo ezimbini ezizinzileyo

- Isetyenziselwa ukuvula i-120 ' nangaphezulu

- Ukwandisa indawo yokuvula okudlulayo

-Idumile kwimibono ebanzi kunye nokuhlala ngaphakathi-ngaphandle

Ulungelelwaniso lweepaneli ezininzi zibonelela ngokuguquguquka okukhulu kodwa kunokufuna ukulungiswa okungaphezulu ngenxa yeengoma ezongezelelweyo kunye ne-hardware.

Iingqwalasela zeNguqu yaNgaphandle-Ngaphandle

Xa ukhetha imilinganiselo yomnyango weglasi, izinto ezininzi zichaphazela indlela ezisebenza ngayo njengotshintsho:

- I-Threshold Height: I-threshold esezantsi (½' ukuya ¾') yenza iinguqu ezingakumbi ezingenamthungo zangaphakathi-ngaphandle

-Ukuvula Ububanzi: Qwalasela iimfuno zokuhamba kwefenitshala xa ukhetha ububanzi bocango

- Ukhuseleko lweMozulu: umgangatho we-80 ' ubude bubonelela ngokhuseleko olwaneleyo ngelixa ugcina iimbono

-UkuHamba kweTrafikhi: Iingcango ezibanzi (72'+ ububanzi) zihlala iindawo eziphezulu zetrafikhi

Ukwenzela ezona ndawo zokuhlala zangaphakathi-ngaphandle, abaninimzi abaninzi badibanisa ubude obuyi-80-intshi iingcango ezinobubanzi obubanzi (96' okanye ngaphezulu).

Ufakelo lwantlandlolo luhlala lubandakanya iingoma ezihlaziyiweyo ezivumela umgubasi wocango ukuba uhlale ngokugungxulwayo kunye nomgangatho wangaphakathi nangaphandle. Esi siqalelo soyilo sisusa isiko 'inyathelo ngaphezulu' phakathi kwezithuba.

Izinto Eziphembelela ukuKhethwa koMphakamo wamacango

Xa ukhetha ukuphakama komnyango ofanelekileyo kwikhaya lakho, kukho izinto ezininzi eziza kudlala. Ukuqonda ezi ngqwalasela kukunceda wenze izigqibo ezinolwazi ezilungelelanisa ukusebenza, ubuhle, kunye neemfuno zokwakha.

Ukuphakama kweCeiling kunye noNxibelelwano lwalo noBubude bomnyango

Ukuphakama kwesilingi yekhaya lakho kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuba loluphi ubude bomnyango bubonakala bufaneleka kakhulu. Olu lwalamano ludala ulungelelwaniso olubonakalayo kuyo yonke indawo yakho yokuhlala.

- Iisilingi ezisemgangathweni ezi-8-foot: Sebenza ngcono ngee-80-intshi (6'8') iingcango

- 9-foot iisilingi: Rhoqo zidityaniswa kakuhle namacango angama-84-intshi (7').  

- 10-unyawo okanye iisilingi eziphezulu: Ngamana iwaranti 96-intshi (8') iingcango

Kumakhaya anesilingi ezivaliweyo okanye zecathedral, iingcango ezinde zinceda ukugcina umlinganiselo. Banqanda ukungena ekujongeni njengento engabalulekanga xa kuthelekiswa nobude obumangalisayo besilingi. Ngokuchaseneyo, ukusebenzisa iingcango ezinde kakhulu kumagumbi anesilingi eziqhelekileyo kunokudala imvakalelo engathandekiyo, exineneyo ngaphezulu komnyango.

Iingqwalasela zeSimbo soYilo kwiiNdawo eziPhakamileyo

Izitayile ezahlukeneyo zokwakha ngokwesiko ziquka imigangatho ethile yobude bomnyango:

Isitayile soyilo lwendlu yakho sibonelela ngeengcebiso ezibalulekileyo zokukhetha ubude obufanelekileyo beminyango. Ukulandela ezi zithethe kunceda ukugcina ukuhambelana koyilo kuyo yonke ipropathi.

IiKhowudi zoKwakha zeNgingqi eziChaphazela ukuPhakamisa koMgangatho wamacango

Iikhowudi zokwakha ziseka iimfuno ezincinci zokuphakama kweminyango ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokufikeleleka. Le migaqo iyahluka ngokweendawo kodwa ngokubanzi ilandela iipatheni ezifanayo:

- Iikhowudi zokuhlala: Ngokwesiqhelo zifuna ubuncinci ubude obucacileyo be-intshi ezingama-78

- Izakhiwo zorhwebo: Rhoqo zifuna ubude obungama-80 intshi

- Iindlela zokuphuma: Kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zobude obungqongqo

Ngalo lonke ixesha ujonge iikhowudi zakho zokwakha zengingqi ngaphambi kokuba wenze utshintsho olubalulekileyo kubude bomnyango. Eli nyathelo lithintela ukuguqulwa kweendleko kamva ukuba iingcango zakho ziyasilela ukuhlolwa.

Imiba yokuSebenza kwamandla aNxulumene noBubude bomnyango

Ubude bocango buchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwikhaya lakho ngeendlela ezininzi:

- Iingcango ezinde zidala iindawo ezinkulu zomphezulu zokuvuza okunokwenzeka komoya

- Iingcango eziphezulu zinokufuna ukugquma okongeziweyo malunga neefreyimu

- Iingcango ezinkulu zinokufuna iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo zokuhlutha imozulu

Xa ukhetha iingcango ezinde kunomgangatho, cinga ngokutyala imali kwizinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezineempawu eziphezulu zokugquma. Olu tyalo-mali lunceda ukuphelisa ukonyuka komngcipheko wogqithiso lwamandla onxulunyaniswa nokuvuleka kwamacango amakhulu.

IiMfuno zokuFikelela kunye neMigaqo yoYilo yeHlabathi jikelele

Ukudala iindawo ezifikelelekayo kubandakanya ukuqwalaselwa ngenyameko kwemilinganiselo yomnyango:

- Imigangatho ye-ADA: Ifuna ubuncinane ubude be-intshi ye-80 kunye ne-32-intshi ecacileyo ububanzi

-I-Fair Housing Act: Umisela imigangatho yokufikeleleka kweendawo zokuhlala ezineentsapho ezininzi

- Uyilo lokuguga kwindawo: Ihlala ibandakanya iingcango ezibanzi ezinobude obuqhelekileyo

Imigaqo yoyilo lwendalo yonke icebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe ubude obulinganayo beminyango kwikhaya lonke. Le ndlela idala utshintsho oluqikelelwayo phakathi kwezithuba zabantu bazo zonke izakhono.

Iingqwalaselo zoLwakhiwo lwezeMbali kwiXesha-Elufanelekileyo lokuphakama kwamacango

Amakhaya amadala ahlala ebonisa ukuphakama kweengcango ezingekho mgangathweni ezibonisa ixesha labo lokwakha:

Amakhaya angaphambi kuka-1900: Ahlala eneengcango ezimfutshane (76-78 intshi)

- Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20: Yaqala ukutshintshela kwimigangatho ephezulu

- Iiyantlukwano zengingqi: Bonisa izithethe zokwakha zasekuhlaleni kunye nemathiriyeli ekhoyo

Xa uhlaziywa iipropati zembali, ukugcina ubude bomnyango bokuqala kunceda ukugcina ingqibelelo yezakhiwo. Ukuba ukutshintshwa kuyimfuneko, iingcango ezinobungakanani obuqhelekileyo obuhambelana nemilinganiselo yokuqala zikhethwa kwiisayizi eziqhelekileyo zangoku.

Ukhetho lomntu ekudaleni iMpembelelo eBonakalayo

Ngaphandle koqwalaselo olusebenzayo, ukhetho lobuhle bomntu ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhetheni ubude bomnyango:

-Iminyango emikhulu: Iingcango ezinkulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-intshi ezingama-96) zidala ukubonakala kokuqala okumangalisayo

-Ibhalansi elinganayo: Ubude bomnyango bulinganiswe kwimilinganiselo yegumbi buziva buhambelana

- Ukuqhubekeka koyilo: Ukuphakama okungaguquguqukiyo kulo lonke udala ukuhamba okuhambelanayo

Abanye abaninimzi bakhetha ngamabomu iingcango ezinde zeendawo eziphambili ngelixa begcina ukuphakama okusemgangathweni kwenye indawo. Le ndlela idala i-hierarchy ebonwayo, iqaqambisa amagumbi abalulekileyo ngeendawo zokungena ezigqwesileyo.

Iinketho zoMphakamo ongeMgangatho womnyango

Xa umgangatho we-80-intshi iingcango zingahambelani neemfuno zakho, kukho iinketho ezininzi ezingezizo ezisemgangathweni. Ezi zikhetho zijongene nemingeni ethile yoyilo, imiqobo yendawo, okanye izinto ezikhethwayo zobuhle.

Ukuphakama kweengcango eziBalulekileyo kunye nezicelo zazo

Iingcango ezinde ziye zanda kakhulu kuyilo lwekhaya lwangoku, lubonelela ngempembelelo ebonakalayo kunye nokwamkela ukuvuleka okukhulu.

84-Intshi (7-Foot) Iingcango

-Ifanelekile kumakhaya anesilingi ezingama-9

-Yenza iindawo zokungena ezinobabalo ngakumbi ngaphandle kokugqithisa indawo

-Ixhaphakile kulwakhiwo olutsha lobunewunewu

- Ifumaneka kwiindlela ezininzi zeengcango kunye nezixhobo

96-Intshi (8-Foot) Iingcango

- Ilungele amakhaya ane-10-foot okanye iisilingi eziphezulu

-Yenza iindawo zokungena ezinkulu nezinomtsalane

- Vumela iifestile ezinkulu okanye ii-transoms ngaphezulu kweengcango zokungena

- Ihlala ifumaneka kumakhaya aqhelekileyo akumgangatho ophezulu

Iingcango ezinkulu zisebenza kakuhle ngakumbi kuyilo lwengqiqo evulekileyo. Badala ukuqhubeka okubonakalayo phakathi kwezithuba ngelixa begcina umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo kunye neesilingi eziphezulu.

Izisombululo zoBubude bomnyango ngokweSiko kwiiNdawo eziZodwa

Ezinye iimeko zokwakha zifuna ngokupheleleyo ubude bomnyango wesiko :

Abavelisi beminyango yesiko banokuvelisa iingcango phantse kuyo nayiphi na inkcazo yobude. Nangona kunjalo, olu khetho luxabisa kakhulu ngaphezu kobukhulu obuqhelekileyo. Iprimiyamu yexabiso ibonisa zombini ukuveliswa okukhethekileyo kunye nesidingo sokwakhiwa kwesakhelo sesiko.

UKhetho lwamacango oluNgaphantsi kwizithintelo zeSithuba

Iingcango ezimfutshane zisebenza ngeenjongo ezisebenzayo kwizithuba ezinemida ethe nkqo:

- Ukufikelela kwisiseko: i-72-78 intshi ubude ukulungiselela indawo ephantsi yesilingi

- AmaNgeno e-Attic: 60-72 intshi kwiindawo ezithambekileyo zesilingi

- Iindawo eziluncedo: i-72-76 intshi kumagumbi oomatshini anemiqobo ye-ductwork

-I-Crawl Space Access: 48-60 intshi kwiindawo zokufikelela ezilinganiselweyo

Ezi ngcango zobude obuncitshisiweyo zinceda ukwandisa indawo enokusebenziseka ngelixa ugcina ukufikelela okuyimfuneko. Zixhaphake ngakumbi kumakhaya amadala anesilingi ezisezantsi okanye kuhlaziyo apho imida yolwakhiwo ithintela ukuphakama okusemgangathweni.

UziLungisa njani iingcango eziMgangatho zoVulo olungeMgangatho

Xa ujongene nokuvulwa kocango olungengomgangatho, unokhetho oluninzi lohlengahlengiso:

KuVulelo oluMde-Kuno-Mgangatho:

1. Faka umnyango oqhelekileyo we-80-intshi kunye nefestile ye-transom ngaphezulu

2. Sebenzisa ukubumba ukuhombisa ukwenza isakhelo socango oluqhelekileyo ngaphakathi kwendawo yokuvula emide

3. Oda umnyango wobude obuqhelekileyo (olona khetho lubiza kakhulu)

NgoMvulo oMfutshane kunoMgangatho:

1. Sika umzantsi wocango oluqhelekileyo (olona lungiso lulula)

2. Thenga umnyango omfutshane owenzelwe izicelo ezizodwa

3. Yakha kwakhona indawo yokuvula ukuze ivumelane nocango oluqhelekileyo (olona luhlaselayo)

Uninzi lweengcango zangaphakathi ezisemgangathweni zinokulungiswa ukuya kwi-intshi ezi-2 ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni isidima solwakhiwo. Ukwenzela uhlengahlengiso olukhulu, iingcango ezinomgongxo-ongundoqo zibonelela ngokuguquguquka ngakumbi kunokhetho oluqinileyo.

Iingcango kuMakhaya amaDala anoBuphakamo obungeNgabo

Amakhaya angaphambi koo-1950 ahlala ebonisa imilinganiselo engeyiyo yomgangatho wengcango:

-Ukuvuselelwa kwamaKoloni (1880s-1950s): 78-intshi ubude obuqhelekileyo

- I-Victorian Era (1840-1900): ubude obahlukeneyo, ngokuphindaphindiweyo i-78-82 intshi

-Craftsman Bungalows (1900-1930): Ngamanye amaxesha iingcango ezimfutshane, 76-78 intshi

- Ukwahluka kweNgingqi: Imigangatho yokuphakama yahluka ngendawo kunye nexesha

Xa kulungiswa amakhaya embali, ukugcinwa kobude bengcango yantlandlolo kunceda ukugcina ubunyani boyilo. Ukuba utshintsho luyimfuneko, qwalasela ezi ndlela:

- Umthombo ogciniweyo wexesha-afanelekileyo iingcango zobude obuhambelanayo

- Imveliso yekomishini yesiko ehambelana nemilinganiselo yokuqala

- Guqula iifreyimu zeengcango ukuze zivumelane nokuphakama okusemgangathweni (ubuncinane obunqwenelekayo kulondolozo lwembali)

Iikhredithi zerhafu zogcino lwembali zinokufumaneka kwiiprojekthi ezigcina iimpawu zoyilo lwezakhiwo ezinjengobude obungengomgangatho wengcango.

Ubude bomnyango kunye nokuSebenza kwaMandla

Ubude bomnyango wakho buchaphazela ngaphezu kokufikeleleka kunye nobuhle-kuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwekhaya lakho. Ukuqonda olu budlelwane kunokukunceda wenze ukhetho olukrelekrele kwiimfuno zakho zolawulo lwemozulu.

Njani ubude bomnyango obuchaphazela ukuvuza komoya kunye nokuThuthukiswa kobushushu

Iingcango ezinde zidala iindawo ezinkulu apho utshintshiselwano lomoya lunokwenzeka phakathi kwekhaya lakho elingaphakathi kunye nokusingqongileyo ngaphandle. Lo mphezulu wandisiweyo uzisa imingeni emininzi yokusebenza kakuhle:

- Indawo eyandisiweyo yoyilo olunokubakho malunga nomjikelezo

- Umphezulu omkhulu wokuhanjiswa kobushushu ngesixhobo somnyango

-Ithuba elingakumbi lokulwa okanye ukungahambi kakuhle ngokuhamba kwexesha

- Izikhewu ezinkulu ezinokuvela kwimibundu ngenxa yokuhlaliswa

Iingcango eziqhelekileyo ze-80-intshi zibonelela ngokubanzi ngokulinganayo phakathi kokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla. Xa ukhetha ubude be-84-intshi okanye i-96-intshi yeengcango, ukuphakama okongeziweyo kwandisa iindawo ezinokubakho apho ukulahleka kwamandla kunokwenzeka.

Iingqwalaselo zokutywina kwiingcango zoMphakamo owahlukeneyo

Ukutywinwa okufanelekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu njengoko ukuphakama komnyango kunyuka:

Iingcango ezinde zinokufuna ulungelelwaniso olukhethekileyo lwemozulu ukuze kugcinwe uxinzelelo olungagungqiyo kubo bonke ubude bazo. Oku kuthintela ingxaki eqhelekileyo yokuvela kwezithuba phezulu okanye ezantsi ngenxa yobunzima bomnyango kunye nokuhamba kwexesha.

Ukuze usebenze ngokugqibeleleyo, qwalasela la macandelo okutywina:

-I-perimeter weatherstripping: Yenza isitywina esingangeni moya sijikeleze amacala nangaphezulu

- Ukutshayela amacango: Thintela idrafti emgubasini

- Iipadi zekona: Vala iindawo zokudibanela ezisesichengeni apho ukuvuza kuqhelekile

- Imibundu ehlengahlengiswayo: Buyekeza intshukumo yocango lwamaxesha onyaka

Izinto eziKhethayo kwiingcango eziSebenza ngoMbane

Izixhobo zocango zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwamandla ngaphandle kokuphakama:

-I-Fiberglass: Iipropati ezigqwesileyo zokugquma, ukwanda okuncinci / ukucutha

- Intsimbi ene-foam core: Ixabiso eliphezulu le-R, ukuchasana okunamandla ekutshintsheni ubushushu

- Umthi oqinileyo: Isigqubuthelo sendalo kodwa sifuna ukugcinwa ukunqanda ukulwa

- Umdibaniso womthi: Udibanisa uzinzo kunye neenzuzo zokugquma

Kwiingcango ezinde, ukhetho lwezinto eziphathekayo luba lubaluleke ngakumbi. Ummandla wabo omkhulu womphezulu ukhulisa zombini iingenelo zokugquma kakuhle kunye nokungahambi kakuhle kokunganyangeki kwe-thermal. Iinketho zentsimbi yexabiso eliphantsi kunye nefiberglass zibonelela ngeyona ndlela isebenzayo yamandla kwiingcango ezinkulu.

Iimpembelelo zeendleko zeengcango eziMde kwiiBhili zaMandla

Ukukhetha iingcango ezinde kunomgangatho kuchaphazela uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwamandla ngeendlela ezininzi:

- Ukuthenga okokuqala: Iingcango ezide eziwonga amandla zixabisa i-20-40% ngaphezulu kobukhulu obuqhelekileyo

- Iindleko zokufudumeza/zokupholisa: Ukunyuka okunokwenzeka nge-3-5% ngeengcango ezinde ezingavalwanga kakuhle.

- Iindleko zolungiso: Uhlengahlengiso oluthe kratya lunokufuneka ukuze kutywinwe ngokufanelekileyo

Nangona kunjalo, ezi ndleko zinokuhlawulwa ngokukhetha okucingayo:

- Utyalo-mali kwiingcango ezinamaxabiso aphezulu e-R (umlinganiselo wokugquma)

- Ukukhetha iinkqubo zokutshixa ezinamanqaku amaninzi ezigcina amatywina aqinileyo

-Ukufakela imozulu ekumgangatho ophezulu eyenzelwe usetyenziso olude

Impembelelo yamandla yokuphakama kocango iyahluka kakhulu ngokusekwe kwindawo yakho yemozulu. Kwimimandla yemozulu embi kakhulu, umahluko osebenzayo phakathi kweengcango ezisemgangathweni kunye nobukhulu obukhulu bubonakala ngakumbi kwaye bubaluleke kakhulu ngokwemali.

Iindlela zoFakelo eziLungileyo zokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle

Nolona cango lusebenza ngamandla luya kusebenza kakubi ukuba alufakwanga ngokufanelekileyo. Kwiingcango ezinde, ezi zinto zofakelo zibaluleke kakhulu:

1. Ishimming echanekileyo: Iqinisekisa ukuba isakhelo sihlala sisikwere nangona ubunzima bomnyango

2. Ukugquma okufanelekileyo: Ukuzalisa zonke izikhewu phakathi kwesakhelo kunye nokuvuleka okurhabaxa

3. Iinkcukacha ezidanyazayo: Ikhusela ukungena kwamanzi okunokuthi kubeke esichengeni ukusebenza kakuhle

4. Amanqaku e-ankile amaninzi: Igcina ulungelelwaniso kunye nobude bonke

5. Uhlengahlengiso lweThreshold: Ivumela intshukumo yamaxesha onyaka ngelixa igcina amatywina

Ufakelo lobuchwephesha lubaluleka ngakumbi njengoko ubude bomnyango bukhula. Ubuchule obukhethekileyo obufunekayo ukuxhoma ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokutywina iingcango ezinde zihlala zigqitha izakhono ze-DIY eziqhelekileyo.

Ngowona msebenzi mkhulu wamandla, cinga ukuba isifakeli senze uvavanyo locango lokuvuthela emva kofakelo. Oku kuchonga naziphi na iindawo zokuvuza komoya eziseleyo ezinokuthi zingabonakali ngeliso lenyama.

Ukulinganisa ubude bomnyango ngokuchanekileyo

Umlinganiselo ochanekileyo umi njengesiseko sayo nayiphi na iprojekthi yokutshintshwa kocango oluyimpumelelo. Ukuthatha ixesha lokulinganisa ngokufanelekileyo kukusindisa kwiimpazamo ezibiza kakhulu kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuba umnyango wakho omtsha ulingana ngokugqibeleleyo.

ISikhokelo seNyathelo ngeNyathelo sokulinganisa ubude bomnyango

Landela la manyathelo alula ukulinganisa ubude bomnyango wakho ngokuchanekileyo:

1. Lungisa izixhobo zakho: Qokelela iteyiphu yokulinganisa, incwadana yokubhala, kunye nepensile

2. Ukulinganisa ucango olukhoyo: Ukuba utshintsha ucango ngelixa ugcina isakhelo:

   - Yenza umlinganiselo ukusuka kungqameko oluphezulu ukuya kumazantsi ocango

   - Musa ukubandakanya nayiphi na isithuba esingaphantsi kocango kumlinganiselo wakho

   -Rekhoda ubude obuchanekileyo ukuya kweyona 1/8 intshi ekufutshane

3. Linganisa isakhelo socango: Ukuba utshintsha zombini ucango kunye nefreyimu:

   - Ukulinganisa ukusuka ngaphantsi kwesihloko ukuya kumgangatho ogqityiweyo

   - Thatha lo mlinganiselo kumacala omabini okuvulwa

   - Rekhoda omfutshane kwimilinganiselo emibini

4. Qwalasela ukuvuleka okurhabaxa: Kulwakhiwo olutsha okanye ukutshintshwa okupheleleyo:

   - Ukulinganisa ukusuka ezantsi kweheda ukuya kumgangatho ongaphantsi

   - Yongeza malunga ne-1/2 intshi ukuvumela ukulingana okufanelekileyo kunye nohlengahlengiso

   - Oku kukunika ubude oburhabaxa bokuvula obufunekayo

Khumbula ukulinganisa kabini phambi kokuba u-odole umnyango wakho. Esi silumkiso silula sithintela iimpazamo ezibizayo.

Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo xa kulinganiswa ukutshintshwa kocango

Ziphephe ezi mpazamo zokulinganisa rhoqo ezikhokelela kwiingcango ezingafakwanga kakuhle:

Ezi mpazamo zihlala zibonakala zincinci kodwa zibangela intloko ebuhlungu ngexesha lofakelo. Thatha ixesha lakho ngemilinganiselo ukunqanda le migibe.

Ukuqonda Ukuvulwa Okumagingxigingxi vs. Ubude Obubo Bamacango

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokulinganisa zisebenza ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo kufakelo lomnyango:

-Okwenyani ukuphakama kocango: Ngokwesiqhelo ii-intshi ezingama-80 zomgangatho ophakathi kunye neengcango zangaphandle

- Ubude besakhelo socango: Ngokubanzi yi-81-81.5 intshi yokuhlalisa umnyango kunye nokukhutshwa

-Ubude bokuvula ngokurhabaxa: Ngokwesiqhelo yi-82-82.5 intshi ukuvumela ukufakwa kwesakhelo esifanelekileyo kunye nokukhanya

Ubudlelwane phakathi kwale milinganiselo bulandela ipateni engaguqukiyo. Ukuvuleka okurhabaxa kufuneka kube malunga ne-2-2.5 intshi ubude kunocango ngokwalo. Esi sithuba esongezelelweyo sithatha isakhelo, iheader, iishim, kunye nokukhutshwa okuyimfuneko.

Xa u-odola iyunithi yocango oluxhonywe ngaphambili, abavelisi bafuna imilinganiselo yokuvula erhabaxa kunobukhulu bomnyango ngokwawo.

Izixhobo ezifunekayo kuMlinganiso ochanekileyo woMphakamo womnyango

Umlinganiselo ochanekileyo ufuna izixhobo ezifanelekileyo:

- Iteyiphu yokulinganisa: Khetha enye enophawu olucacileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1/8 intshi

-Imilinganiselo ye-laser yedijithali: Ibonelela ngofundo oluchaneke kakhulu ukuze kuvuleleke ngokugqibeleleyo isikwere

-Inqanaba lomchweli: Iqinisekisa ukuba imilinganiselo yakho ilandela imigca yokwenyani ethe tye nethe nkqo

-Notepad kunye nepensile: Rekhoda yonke imilinganiselo ngokukhawuleza ukunqanda iimpazamo kwimemori

-I-smartphone enekhamera: Thatha iifoto zereferensi yeengcango ezikhoyo kunye nokuvuleka

Kwimilinganiselo ye-DIY, umgangatho weteyiphu uhlala usesona sixhobo sibalulekileyo. Abafakeli abaziingcali bahlala besebenzisa izixhobo zedijithali ukuchaneka okukhulu, ngakumbi ngobude obungengabo obuqhelekileyo bocango.

Ukulinganisa ngamanqaku amaninzi kwi-Akhawunti yezitenxo

Iingcango kunye neefreyimu zihlala ziphuhlisa izitenxo ezifihlakeleyo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Imilinganiselo emininzi inceda ukubamba olu yantlukwano:

1. Linganisa ubude becala lasekhohlo: Ukusuka kumbhalo ongasentla kwentloko ukuya emgangathweni ecaleni kwejamb yasekhohlo

2. Linganisa ubude beziko: Ukusuka kwisihloko ukuya kumgangatho kwindawo esembindini

3. Linganisa ubude becala lasekunene: Ukusuka kwisihloko ukuya kumgangatho ecaleni kwejamb yasekunene

Ukuba le milinganiselo yohluke kakhulu (ngaphezu kwe-1/4 intshi), ukuvulwa kwakho kusenokungabi sisikwere. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, sebenzisa umlinganiselo omncinci xa u-odola umnyango wokutshintshwa. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba umnyango uya kufaneleka nakwiyona ndawo ixinzelelwe kakhulu.

UCwangciso-mali loKugqunywa koMgangatho kunye neeThresholds

Izinto zomgangatho zinempembelelo kakhulu kwiimfuno zobude bomnyango:

- Imigangatho ekhoyo: Linganisa ukusuka kumgangatho wangoku ogqityiweyo

- Utshintsho olucwangcisiweyo lomgangatho: Iakhawunti yobude obongezelelweyo bemathiriyeli emitsha

- Iingqwalasela zomqobo: Bandakanya naluphi na uhlengahlengiso olucwangcisiweyo

- Ukuvula umnyango wokujingi: Qinisekisa isithuba esaneleyo phakathi komnyango ongezantsi kunye nesigqubuthelo somgangatho

Kumagumbi anekhaphethi eshinyeneyo okanye umgangatho onyusiweyo, unokufuna iingcango ezimfutshane kancinci ukuze uqinisekise ukucoceka okufanelekileyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba ususa umgangatho obunzima, umnyango wakho okhoyo unokuphela kunye nezikhala ezingaphezulu ngaphantsi.

Ucango lwangaphakathi oluqhelekileyo lufuna i-1/2 ukuya kwi-3/4 intshi yococeko ngaphezu komgangatho ogqityiweyo. Iingcango zangaphandle zihlala zihlala ngokuthe ngqo kwimigubasi yazo kunye nokuhluthwa kwemozulu ukwenza amatywina afanelekileyo.

Ubude bomnyango ngokunxulumene neminye imilinganiselo yomnyango

Xa ucwangcisela ucango olutsha, ubude buyinto nje enye ebalulekileyo yobukhulu bomnyango. Ukuqonda ukuba ubude bomnyango buhambelana njani nobubanzi, ubukhulu, kunye nobukhulu besakhelo kuqinisekisa ukuba umnyango wakho usebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwaye uhambelana ngokuchanekileyo.

Ububanzi bomnyango obuMgangatho kunye nobudlelwane bawo noBubude

Ukuphakama komnyango osemgangathweni kunye nobubanzi bugcina imilinganiselo ethile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokubonakala:

Ngelixa ubude bomnyango obuqhelekileyo buhlala buhambelana kwii-intshi ezingama-80 kuzo zonke izicelo, ububanzi buyahluka kakhulu ngokusekelwe kwinjongo yomnyango. Igumbi lokulala kunye neengcango zegumbi lokuhlambela zilinganisa i-intshi ezingama-30-32 ububanzi, ngelixa iingcango eziphambili zokungena zanda ukuya kwi-intshi ezingama-36 ukuze zifikeleleke ngcono kunye nokuhamba kwefenitshala lula.

Ubungakanani bobude ukuya kububanzi buchaphazela zombini ukusebenza kunye nobuhle obubonakalayo. Ucango olumxinwa kakhulu ngenxa yobude balo ludala inkangeleko engathandekiyo, engalungelelananga. I-Fair Housing Act ikhankanya ubuncinci beemfuno zobubanzi obuzii-intshi ezingama-32 ukuze zifikeleleke, kodwa awuyaleli utshintsho kumphakamo oqhelekileyo wama-80-intshi.

Imigangatho yokutyeba komnyango

Ubukhulu bocango buyohluka phakathi kwezicelo zangaphakathi kunye nezangaphandle:

- Iingcango zangaphakathi: umgangatho we-1⅜ intshi ubukhulu

- Iingcango zangaphandle: umgangatho we-1¾ intshi ubukhulu

- Iingcango ezikhethekileyo: Zinokuqala ukusuka kwi-1⅛ ukuya kwi-2¼ intshi

Ukutyeba kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umsebenzi wocango kunobude okanye ububanzi. Iingcango zangaphandle zifuna ubukhulu obukhulu bokhuseleko olongezelelweyo, ukugquma, kunye nokumelana nemozulu. I-intshi eyongezelelweyo ye-intshi ye-intshi yemathiriyeli iphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-thermal kunye nokunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kwesandi.

Iimpawu zehardware yomnyango zihambelana nemigangatho yobukhulu. Iihenjisi, iilokhi, kunye nezinye izinto zehardware ziyilelwe ngokukodwa i-1⅜-intshi okanye i-1¾-intshi yeengcango. Ukusebenzisa amacandelo enzelwe ubukhulu obungalunganga kunokubangela iingxaki zokufakela kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza.

Imilinganiselo yeSakhelo socango kunye nendlela eziHlaliswa ngayo kuMgangatho oPhakamileyo

Iifreyimu zeengcango kufuneka zilinganiswe ngokufanelekileyo ukuze zivumelane nobude obuqhelekileyo beminyango:

- Ubude beJamb: Ngokwesiqhelo yi 81½ intshi ze 80-intshi yocango

- Ububanzi beheader: Itshatisa ububanzi bocango kunye ne-intshi ezi-2

- Iijam ezisecaleni: Yandisa ukusuka kwisihloko ukuya kumgangatho

- Yeka ukubumba: Yenza umphezulu apho ucango luvaleka khona

Isakhelo socango esakhiwe ngokufanelekileyo sibonelela malunga ne-¾ intshi yokuphuma ngaphezulu kocango lwee-intshi ezingama-80. Lo msantsa uvumela ukusebenza kocango ngaphandle kokubopha, ngelixa ugcina ukubonakala okubonakalayo, ukulingana okuqinileyo. Isakhelo kufuneka sihlale siskweri ngokugqibeleleyo ukuqinisekisa umsebenzi ofanelekileyo, kungakhathaliseki ubude bomnyango.

Iiyunithi zocango ezixhonywe ngaphambili ziza nezakhelo esele zilinganiswe ngokufanelekileyo kumphakamo oqhelekileyo wocango. Ezi yunithi zenza lula ukufakela ngokuqinisekisa ukuba isakhelo kunye nomnyango zisebenza kunye ngokuchanekileyo.

Umnyango oGqibeleleyo 'Ipakethe' - Ukuqonda yonke imilinganiselo ngokudibeneyo

Yonke inkqubo yomnyango ibandakanya izinto ezininzi ngaphaya komnyango ngokwawo:

-I-Slab yocango: Iphaneli yomnyango yokwenyani (ngokuqhelekileyo i-80 intshi × 30-36 intshi)

- Isakhelo/ijamb: Ulwakhiwo olujikelezileyo (longeza malunga ne-1½ yee-intshi kwicala ngalinye)

- I-Threshold: Icandelo elisezantsi (longeza i-½-1½ i-intshi ukuphakama)

- Casing/trim: Izinto zokuhombisa ezijikeleze isakhelo

-I-Hardware: Iihenjisi, izibambo, izitshixo, njl.

Xa ucwangcisa ukufakwa kocango, kufuneka uqwalasele zonke ezi zinto kunye. Ucango oluqhelekileyo lwee-intshi ezingama-80 lufuna malunga ne-82-82½ yee-intshi zobude oburhabaxa bokuvula ukulungiselela inkqubo yonke. Ngokufanayo, ucango olubanzi oluyi-intshi ezingama-36 ludinga malunga ne-38-39 intshi yobubanzi obuvulekileyo.

Ukubala ubungakanani bokuvula ngokurhabaxa

Ukuvuleka okurhabaxa kufuneka kube kukhulu kunomnyango kunye nesakhelo sawo ukuvumela ukufakela okufanelekileyo kunye nohlengahlengiso:

1. Ngobude: Yongeza i-intshi e-½ kumphakamo wefreyimu

   Umzekelo: 80-intshi yocango + 1½-intshi yefreyimu = 81½ intshi + ½ intshi = 82 intshi yobude oburhabaxa bokuvula

2. Ngobubanzi: Yongeza i-intshi e-1 kububanzi besakhelo

   Umzekelo: 36-intshi yocango + 3 intshi yefreyimu (i-intshi ezi-1½ kwicala ngalinye) = 39 intshi + 1 intshi = 40 intshi yobubanzi oburhabaxa bokuvula

Ezi zibalo zibonelela ngemilinganiselo emincinci yokuvula okurhabaxa. Ngokwesiqhelo, abakhi abaninzi bongeza indawo ethe kratya (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-intshi eyi-¾ yobude obongezelelweyo kunye ne-1½ intshi eyongezelelweyo ububanzi) ukuqinisekisa indawo eyaneleyo yokulinganisa kunye nokushinyiza isakhelo.

Ngobude obungengabo obuqhelekileyo bomnyango, imigaqo efanayo iyasebenza-vele ufake indawo yobude bocango lwesiko kwizibalo ezingentla. Olu dlelwane lungaguqukiyo phakathi kwemilinganiselo yocango kunye nokuvuleka okurhabaxa lwenza lula isicwangciso sayo nayiphi na iprojekthi yokufakela ucango.

IiMfuno eziZodwa zoBubude bomnyango

Ngaphandle kwezicelo eziqhelekileyo zokuhlala, iimeko ezithile zifuna ukuqwalaselwa okuthe ngqo kobude bomnyango. Ezi mfuno ezizodwa ziqinisekisa ukufikeleleka, ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo, kunye nokuhlonipha izithethe zezakhiwo.

I-ADA kunye neWheelchair Accessibility Door Height Standards

Umthetho waseMelika okhubazekileyo (ADA) umisela iimfuno ezithile zeengcango kwiindawo ezifikelelekayo:

- Ubuncinci ubude obucacileyo: i-intshi ezingama-80 (ihambelana nobude obuqhelekileyo bendawo yokuhlala)

- Ubuncinci ububanzi obucacileyo: i-intshi ezingama-32 xa umnyango uvulekile kwii-90 degrees

- Ukususwa kwendlela yokulawula: Iimfuno zesithuba esithe ngqo malunga neengcango

Ngelixa i-ADA ingagunyazisi iingcango ezinde kunomgangatho, igxininisa ukuphakama okwaneleyo kokucocwa. Umphakamo osemgangathweni we-intshi ezingama-80 usebenza kakuhle ekufikelelekeni kwesitulo esinamavili njengoko eyona nto iphambili ibandakanya ububanzi kunobude. Nangona kunjalo, ukuvulwa kocango olupheleleyo kufuneka kugcinwe olu coceko olupheleleyo lwee-intshi ezingama-80 ngaphandle kwemiqobo.

Kwizicelo zokuhlala, iimfuno zeFair Housing Act zihambelana nemigangatho ye-ADA:

Ezi nkcukacha zisebenza kwizindlu ezineentsapho ezininzi kwaye zijolise ekudaleni iindawo zokuhlala ezifikelelekayo jikelele. Amakhaya osapho olunye akafunwa ngokusemthethweni ukuba alandele le migangatho ngaphandle kokuba afumane inkxaso-mali ethile.

Umphakamo woMgangatho weSakhiwo sezoRhwebo

Izakhiwo zorhwebo zilandela iimfuno ezingqongqo zobude bomnyango kunezakhiwo zokuhlala:

- Ukuphakama komnyango wezorhwebo osemgangathweni: 80-84 intshi

-Iindawo ezinetrafikhi ephezulu: Rhoqo sebenzisa iingcango ze-intshi ezingama-84 (iinyawo ezi-7)

- Izakhiwo zikawonke-wonke: Ngokuqhelekileyo zifuna ubude obucacileyo obuyi-80-intshi

- Ukuphuma ngexesha likaxakeka: Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zekhowudi zobude kunye nobubanzi

IKhowudi yeZakhiwo yamazwe ngamazwe (IBC) ilawula ezininzi iingcango zorhwebo. Ifuna ubude obuncinane be-intshi ezingama-80 kuninzi lwezicelo, ngaphandle kwezinto ezithile ezikhethekileyo zeendawo zogcino okanye izixhobo ezikhethekileyo.

Iingcango zorhwebo zihlala zibandakanya iimpawu ezongezelelweyo ezichaphazela imilinganiselo yazo yonke:

-Iipaneli zombono okanye iifestile (gcina i-80-intshi ubuncinane indawo ecacileyo)

-Izixhobo zoloyiko zokuphuma ngexesha likaxakeka

- Iindlela zokuvula ezizenzekelayo

- Ulwakhiwo olunomlinganiselo womlilo kwiindawo ezithile zokuhlala

La macandelo ongezelelweyo kufuneka abekwe kwindawo yokugcina ubude obufunekayo obucacileyo bokufikeleleka kunye nokuthotyelwa kokhuseleko.

Iingqwalaselo zoBuphakamo boBucango bezeMbali

Izakhiwo zembali zinika imiceli mngeni ekhethekileyo xa kulungiswa iindawo eziphakamileyo zeminyango:

Ixesha lobukoloniyali (1600s-1700s): Ngokuqhelekileyo 72-78 intshi ubude

- Ixesha le-Victorian (1800s): Rhoqo yi-78-82 intshi eneenkcukacha ezimbejembeje

-Ixesha lobuGcisa kunye noBugcisa (ekuqaleni koo-1900): Ngokwesiqhelo 78-80 intshi

- Iiyantlukwano zengingqi: Bonisa izithethe kunye nemathiriyeli yokwakha yasekuhlaleni

Xa kuhlaziywa izakhiwo zembali, abalondolozi basoloko becebisa ukuba kugcinwe ubude bocango lokuqala kunokuhlaziya imigangatho yale mihla. Le ndlela igcina imfezeko yoyilo kunye nokuchaneka kwembali.

Izikhokelo zolondolozo lwembali zikholisa ukuvumela ukuguquguquka okuthile kuphuculo lokufikeleleka ngelixa igcina iimpawu ezifanelekileyo zexesha. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

- Ukugcina ubude bomnyango wokuqala kwiifacade eziphambili

- Ukulungiswa kokungena okwesibini ukuze kufikeleleke

- Ukufaka iirempu okanye iilifti kunokutshintsha imilinganiselo yocango

-Ukusebenzisa izixhobo eziqhelekileyo ezigcina inkangeleko yembali

Kwizakhiwo ezikwiirejista zembali, ukubonisana nabasemagunyeni bogcino kuba yimfuneko phambi kokuba kwenziwe naluphi na uhlengahlengiso kwiminyango.

Iiyantlukwano zeNgingqi kunye nezamazwe ngamazwe kwi-Standard Door Heights

Imigangatho yobude bomnyango iyahluka kakhulu kwihlabathi jikelele:

Ezi zintlukwano zibonisa zombini izithethe zenkcubeko kunye nezenzo zokwakha zengingqi. Izakhiwo zembali kwingingqi nganye zihlala zibandakanya ukwahlukana okukhulu ngakumbi kubude beminyango, ehambelana nezimbo zoyilo ezixhaphakileyo xa zazisakhiwa.

Ngaphakathi eUnited States, iinguqu zengingqi zikwakhona:

- ENew England: Amakhaya amadala ahlala ebonisa iingcango ezingama-78-intshi

- Amazwe aseMazantsi: Amakhaya okulima imbali anokuba neengcango ezinde ezingama-84-intshi

- Emazantsi-ntshona: Ukwakhiwa kweAdobe ngamanye amaxesha kusebenzisa iingcango ezimfutshane ezingama-76-78 intshi

- Amaziko asezidolophini: Ahlaziywa rhoqo ukuya kwimigangatho yangoku nokuba akuwuphi na ummandla

Xa ungenisa iingcango okanye usebenzisa iiplani zoyilo lwamazwe ngamazwe, ukunikela ingqalelo ngenyameko kulo mahluko wobude kuthintela iingxaki zofakelo ezibiza imali eninzi.

Ufakelo lwe-DIY Door kunye neNgqwalaselo yoBubude

Ukufakela umnyango ngokwakho kunokonga imali, kodwa kufuna ingqalelo ngenyameko kwimilinganiselo kunye nobuchule. Makhe sihlolisise indlela yokusingatha iingqwalasela zobude bomnyango ngexesha leprojekthi yokufakela i-DIY.

ULungelela Njani uTshintsho lokugquma uMgangatho xa ulinganisa ubude bomnyango

Izigqubuthelo zomgangatho zichaphazela kakhulu ubude bokusebenza kocango lwakho. Nantsi indlela yokuphendula kubo:

- Ufakelo olutsha lomgangatho: Linganisa ukusuka kumgangatho ongaphantsi kwaye wongeze ubukhulu bomgangatho ocwangcisiweyo

- Xa ususa ikhaphethi ngomthi oqinileyo: Lindela ukufumana i-½-¾ ye-intshi yobude obucacileyo

- Kufakelo lwethayile: Iakhawunti yazo zombini ubukhulu bethayile kunye nebhedi yodaka (ngokwesiqhelo ¾-1 intshi epheleleyo)

Ngalo lonke ixesha ushiya imvume eyaneleyo phakathi komnyango osezantsi kunye nomgangatho ogqityiweyo:

- Iingcango zangaphakathi: ½-¾ i-intshi yokukhutshwa iyacetyiswa

- Iingcango zangaphandle: ¼-½ intshi ngaphezu komda womda (ngokuhluthwa kwemozulu)

- Iingcango zegumbi lokuhlambela: ¾-1 intshi ukuba umoya uyafuneka

Ukuba wongeza umgangatho ongqindilili kumnyango okhoyo, unokufuna ukuphungula umzantsi wocango ukuze ugcine ucoceko olufanelekileyo. Uninzi lwamacango anomgongxo anokusikwa ngokukhuselekileyo ukuya kwi-intshi e-1, ngelixa iingcango eziqinileyo ezingundoqo azinakuncitshiswa ngaphezulu kwe-intshi ezi-¾.

Iingcebiso zokuxhoma iingcango kwi-Standard Heights

Landela la manyathelo ofakelo oluyimpumelelo locango kumphakamo oqhelekileyo:

1. Qinisekisa ukuvuleka kwakho: Qinisekisa ukuba imalunga nee-intshi ezi-2 ubude kunocango lwakho

2. Faka iheader ngokufanelekileyo: Yibeke ukuze uvumele ucango oluqhelekileyo lwee-intshi ezingama-80 kunye nokukhutshwa

3. Khangela inqanaba: Sebenzisa inqanaba lomchweli kwiheda kunye nomgangatho

4. Shim iihenjisi: Beka iishim emva kwendawo nganye yehenjisi ukuze ufumane inkxaso efanelekileyo

5. Misa ucango: Vumela i-intshi engu-⅛ yokucima phezulu nasemacaleni

Kwiingcango ezixhonywe ngaphambili, umenzi sele sele ebeke umnyango ngaphakathi kwesakhelo sayo ekuphakameni okufanelekileyo. Owona msebenzi wakho ubandakanya ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke iyunithi ihlala kwinqanaba kunye nendawo evulekileyo.

Ukusebenzisa le milinganiselo kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba ucango lwakho lujinga kumphakamo osemgangathweni ochanekileyo.

Imingeni eqhelekileyo xa ufaka iingcango eziPhakamileyo eziMgangatho

Abafaki beminyango ye-DIY bahlala bedibana nale miba inxulumene nokuphakama:

-Ukubophelela phezulu: Ucango lukhuhla ngokubhekiselele kwiheda, ebonisa ukuba ucango luxhonywe phezulu kakhulu okanye isakhelo asikho isikweri.

-Isithuba esisezantsi esigqithileyo: Yenza idrafti kunye nemiba yabucala xa ucoceko ludlula i-intshi e-1

- Ipleyiti yogwayimbo engalunganga: Ibangela iingxaki zokutshixa xa ubude bomnyango buguquka emva kokufakwa

- Imiba yokujinga: Ucango luzivula/ luvalwe lodwa ukuba alulunganga ngokugqibeleleyo

Uninzi lwezi ngxaki zivela kumlinganiselo ongafanelekanga okanye ukufakwa komgangatho. Ukusebenzisa inqanaba ngokungaguqukiyo kulo lonke ufakelo kuthintela iingxaki ezininzi ezinxulumene nokuphakama.

Kumakhaya amadala aneziseko ezizinzileyo, kunokufuneka wenze uhlengahlengiso olukhethekileyo. Umgangatho kunye nesilingi zisenokungahambelani, ifuna ukushiyimza okuqhelekileyo ukuze kuphunyezwe umsebenzi ofanelekileyo wocango nangona imiphezulu ingalinganiyo.

Utsalela nini umnxeba iNgcali yoFakelo loBubude boMgangatho obungaPhakathi

Ezinye iiprojekthi zeengcango zithethelela ukufakwa kobuchwephesha, ngakumbi xa kujongwa:

-Ingcango ezinkulu: Iingcango ezinde kune-intshi ezingama-84 zifuna ukuphathwa okukhethekileyo kunye nokuqiniswa kwefreyim.

-Uhlaziyo lwembali: Ukuthelekisa ubude bexesha elithile ngelixa udibana neekhowudi zangoku

- Uhlengahlengiso olukhulu lokuphakama: Xa uvula kufuneka kwandiswe ngaphezu kwee-intshi ezi-2

- Ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo: Naluphi na utshintsho oluchaphazela izinto ezithwala umthwalo

- Ufakelo lwentengiso: Iiprojekthi ezifuna ukuthotyelwa kwekhowudi engqongqo

abafakeli abaziingcali bazisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye namava anobude obungengabo obuqhelekileyo. Bayaziqonda iimpembelelo zesakhiwo sokuguqula ukuvuleka kweengcango kwaye banokuqinisekisa inkxaso efanelekileyo malunga nokuvuleka okwandisiweyo.

Iindleko zofakelo lobuchwephesha ngokuqhelekileyo ziqala ukusuka kwi-200-500 yeedola kwiingcango eziqhelekileyo, kunye nofakelo lobude obulungiselelweyo obunokuba phindwe kabini le ndleko. Nangona kunjalo, olu tyalo-mali luthintela iimpazamo ezibizayo eziqhelekileyo ezenziwa kwiiprojekthi zeminyango ye-DIY enzima.

Ukujonga imiqobo enokuthi ichaphazele ukusebenza komnyango

Ngaphambi kofakelo, jonga yonke indlela yokujingi yocango malunga nezithintelo ezinokuthi zibekho:

-Izixhobo zeCeiling: Qinisekisa izibane ezikhanyayo, iifeni, okanye iintloko zokutshiza aziyi kuphazamisa.

- Uguqulo lomgangatho: Jonga i-threshold ephakanyisiweyo okanye utshintsho lomgangatho kwindlela yokujingi

-Izinto ezixhonywe eludongeni: Jonga i-thermostats, izitshixo ezikhanyayo, okanye umzobo kwi-arc yomnyango.

-Iifestile ze-HVAC: Qinisekisa umgangatho okanye iifestile zodonga aziyi kuvalwa ngumnyango

Ubude bomnyango obungama-intshi angama-80 buvumela iindawo ezininzi zokuhlala, kodwa iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga zezakhiwo zinokudala iingxaki zokukhutshwa. Ukulinganisa yonke indawo yokusebenza, kungekhona nje ukuvulwa kocango ngokwalo.

Kwiingcango ezikwiindawo ezinesilingi ezithambekileyo, njengaphantsi kwezitepsi okanye kwiindawo ezikwiattic, kuya kufuneka ubale ubuncinci bobude obucacileyo kuyo yonke indlela yokujingi. Ubude bocango kufuneka bulingane neyona ndawo isezantsi kule arc.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo malunga noBubude bomnyango

Umbuzo: Ngaba ubude bomnyango obuqhelekileyo buyafana kuzo zonke iingcango zangaphakathi?

A: Ngokubanzi, ewe. Uninzi lweengcango zangaphakathi zigcina umgangatho we-80-intshi (6'8') yobude nokuba umsebenzi wabo unjani.Noko kunjalo, iingcango ezincinci zangaphakathi zinokubakho kumakhaya amadala, amagumbi angaphantsi, okanye iindawo eziluncedo apho umphakamo wesilingi unomda.

Umbuzo: Ingaba ubude bomnyango obuqhelekileyo buthelekisa njani phakathi kwezakhiwo zokuhlala kunye nezorhwebo?

Mp

Umbuzo: Ngaba ndingafaka ucango olude kwisakhelo socango esiqhelekileyo?

A: Hayi, ucango olude alunakulingana kwisakhelo esisemgangathweni. Iifreyimu zeengcango eziqhelekileyo zilinganiswe ngokukodwa kwiingcango ze-intshi ezingama-80 kunye nokukhutshwa okuncinci. Ukufakela ucango olude kufuna ukuguqulwa okanye ukutshintshwa kwesakhelo sonke kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuphakama okuvulekileyo okwaneleyo. Oku kubandakanya umsebenzi wokwakha ukwandisa indawo yokuvula.

Umbuzo: Utshintshe njani umyinge wobude bomnyango ngokuhamba kwexesha?

A: Ukuphakama kwamacango kuye kwanda ngokuthe ngcembe. Amakhaya angaphambi kweminyaka yoo-1900 ahlala ebonisa iingcango ezijikeleze i-76-78 intshi ubude. Phakathi kwinkulungwane yama-20, ii-intshi ezingama-80 zaba ngumgangatho omiselweyo. Amakhaya atofotofo anamhlanje ngamanye amaxesha aneengcango ezinde ze-intshi ezingama-84-96, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinesilingi eziphakamileyo, ezibonisa ukutshintsha kwezinto ezikhethwayo kuyilo kunye nokwanda komndilili wobude bomntu.

Umbuzo: Yintoni ubude bomnyango obuncinane kwiikhowudi zokwakha zale mihla?

A: Uninzi lweekhowudi zokwakha zanamhlanje zifuna ubude obuncinci obucacileyo be-78 intshi kwiingcango zokuhlala kunye ne-80 intshi kwiingcango zorhwebo. I-Fair Housing Act kunye neemfuno ze-ADA zichaza i-80-intshi ubuncinane bobude bokungena okufikelelekayo. Iikhowudi zasekuhlaleni zinokuba neemfuneko ezongezelelweyo, ngoko hlala ujonga indawo yakho yolawulo.

Umbuzo: Ngaba ukuphakama kweminyango kuyahluka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zendlu?

A: Ewe, ubude beminyango bunokwahluka kwindlu yonke. Ngelixa iindawo zokuhlala eziphambili zihlala zigcina ubude obungama-intshi angama-80, iindawo eziluncedo, amagumbi angaphantsi, ii-attics, kunye nama-closets anokuba neengcango ezimfutshane. Ii-closets zokuhamba ngokuqhelekileyo zineengcango zokuphakama okusemgangathweni, ngelixa ii-closets zokufikelela ngamanye amaxesha zisebenzisa iinketho ezimfutshane ukwandisa indawo yokugcina.

Umbuzo: Ingaba umgangatho uchaphazela njani iimfuno zobude bomnyango?

A: Umgangatho uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuphakama kocango olusebenzayo. Ukongeza umgangatho otyebileyo (ofana nekhaphethi, iithayile, okanye umthi oqinileyo) kunciphisa ukucoceka phantsi kweengcango. Kuya kufuneka unciphise umzantsi wocango okanye uxhome ucango phezulu ukugcina ucoceko olululo lwe-½-¾ intshi ngaphezu komgangatho ogqityiweyo.

Q: Yintoni ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo bokuvula kumnyango wama-80 intshi?

A: Kumnyango osemgangathweni we-intshi ezingama-80, ukuphakama okurhabaxa kufuneka kube malunga ne-82-82½ intshi. Esi sithuba songeziweyo sichaza isakhelo socango (malunga ne-1½ i-intshi) kunye ne-½-1 intshi eyongezelelweyo yofakelo olufanelekileyo, ukulinganisa, kunye nokubengezela. Umlinganiselo ochanekileyo unokwahluka kancinci ngokusekelwe kwiinkcukacha zomenzi.

Isiphelo: Ukukhetha umPhakamo oLungileyo womnyango weKhaya lakho

Ukuqonda ubude bomnyango obuqhelekileyo buxhobisa ukuba wenze izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nekhaya lakho. Umgangatho woshishino wee-intshi ezingama-80 (6'8') usebenza kakuhle kuninzi lwezicelo zeendawo zokuhlala, ubonelela ngococeko olwaneleyo ngelixa ugcina ulungelelwaniso olubonakalayo.Xa ukhetha umphakamo wengcango, qwalasela ubude besilingi yakho, isimbo soyilo, kunye neemfuno ezithile zokusebenza.

Iinketho ezisemgangathweni zibonelela ngeendleko-zokusebenza kunye nokufakwa lula, ngelixa ukuphakama kwesiko kuvumela ukubonakaliswa koyilo olulodwa. Ngaphambi kokukhetha imilinganiselo engeyiyo eyomgangatho, yenza umlinganiselo weendleko ezongezelelweyo kunye nobunzima bofakelo ngokuchasene nenzuzo yobuhle.

Hlala ulungelelanisa ukhetho lwakho loyilo kunye neengqwalasela ezisebenzayo ezifana nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, iimfuno zofikelelo, kunye neekhowudi zokwakha. Iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokulinganisa ziqinisekisa ukufakela okuyimpumelelo kungakhathaliseki ubude obukhethileyo.

Kwiiprojekthi ezinzima ezibandakanya ukuphakama okungaqhelekanga, ukubonisana neengcali kunokuthintela iimpazamo ezibiza kakhulu. Nokuba usebenza neekontraka okanye ujongana nofakelo lwe-DIY, ukuqonda iziseko zokuphakama kocango kunceda ekudaleni ukusebenza, iingcango ezintle eziphucula indawo yakho yokuhlala.