Iikontraka zorhwebo , abayili bezakhiwo, kunye nabaphathi bezothutho banqanda ukophuka kweglasi ebiza imali eninzi kunye nokugqwethwa kwefreyimu ngemigaqo engqongqo yokuhamba.
Amaqela efektri enza ukucoca umphezulu wangaphambili ngaphambi kokupakisha iiodolo zefestile zealuminiyam kwisiko le-ISPM-15. Iingcali zolungiselelo lothutho zilawula ukuthunyelwa kwenqanawa phesheya kolwandle ngokukhwelisa amakhreyithi ngokuthe nkqo kwiiracks ze-A-frame. Ulawulo lokuthumela ngononophelo luthintela ukutshintshwa kwempahla ngexesha leendlela zokuthumela ngenqanawa ekhaya. Ukuphumeza ukupakishwa okungqongqo kunye neenkqubo eziqinisekisiweyo zokuthumela ngenqanawe kuqinisekisa umgangatho wobume xa ukuhanjiswa. Ukulayishwa kwendawo elawulwayo kukhusela umgangatho ophezulu weefestile ze-aluminiyam emonakalweni kwaye kuphelisa ukulibaziseka kweprojekthi ebiza kakhulu.
Izinto eziphambili zokuThatha
Coca imiphezulu yesakhelo kwaye usebenzise iifilimu ezimelana nokukrweleka ukukhusela iifestile ze-aluminiyam ukusuka kwi-abrasions yokuhamba.
Pakisha iiyunithi zefestile ngokuthe nkqo kwiirack ze-A-frame ukunqanda ukwaphuka kweglasi kunye nokugoba kwesakhelo.
Sebenzisa i-ISPM-15 iikhreyithi zomthi ezihambelanayo kunye neepakethi ze-desiccant ukuvimba ukufuma kunye nomonakalo wempembelelo.
Qhoboshela izinzwa zomothuko kunye nokuthambeka kwiikhreyithi ukujonga ukuphathwa kakubi ngexesha lothutho lwamazwe ngamazwe.
Yothula iikhreyiti zefestile ezinzima ezineekhreyini okanye iiforklift ukunqanda ukonakala kwendawo kunye nokugcina abasebenzi bekhuselekile.
Ukuhlola kunye nokuLungisa iAluminiyam yeWindows phambi kokuHamba
Abahloli bomgangatho baphonononga yonke ibhetshi ye iifestile zealuminiyam phambi kokuba kuqale ukusongwa kwefektri. Iiprothokholi ezingqongqo zangaphambi kokuthunyelwa ziqinisekisa ukuthe tye kwesakhelo kunye nokuchaneka komda phakathi kweendawo eziphezulu ze-6063-T5 ze-aluminiyam.
Ukucoca iMigangatho yeSakhelo kunye neZitywina
Abasebenzi basefektri basula ngokucokisekileyo zonke iindawo ze-aluminium ezifakwe ngumgubo kunye nezitywina ze-EPDM eziguquguqukayo. Uthuli, i-metallic shavings, kunye nokungcola yonakalisa iingubo ezikhuselayo ngexesha lokuhambisa umgama omde. Amagcisa okucoca asusa inkunkuma yasefektri ukugcina umgangatho ophezulu womphezulu kwisakhelo ngasinye.
Isigaba soHlolo | Iindawo zokuHlola |
|---|---|
Izinto eziphathekayo kunye neSakhiwo | Jonga i-6063-T5 i-alloy grade, ubukhulu bodonga, kunye nokuthe tye kwesakhelo |
Umphezulu Gqiba | Umlinganiselo wokutyabeka, ukusebenza kokuncamathelisa, kunye nokulingana kombala |
Uvavanyo lweYunithi yokuGqibela | Yenza iimvavanyo ezibonwayo eziyi-100% kunye neemvavanyo zokutshixa ihardware |
UkuPakisha kunye noLungiselelo | Faka ifilimu ekhuselayo, oonogada bekona, kunye neelebhile zesazisi |
Ingcebiso: Imiphezulu ecocekileyo iqinisekisa ukunamathela okuphezulu kwefilimu. Uthuli oluvaleleke phantsi kokhuselo lunokubangela ukukrazula kancinci kwifreyim egqunywe ngumgubo ngexesha lokungcangcazela.
Ukusebenzisa iifilimu eziKhuselekileyo kunye nabaGadi boMda
Amagcisa afaka ifilimu ye-polyethylene engama-50 (~ 2.0 mil) enganyangekiyo kukukrwela phezu kwemiphezulu egqityiweyo. Esi sithintelo sikhusela ukugqibezela okugqunywe ngumgubo ngokuchasene ne-abrasions ngexesha lokuphathwa kwenqanawa eqhelekileyo.
Imeko yoHambo | IGauge ecetyiswayo | Ukutyeba kwefilimu |
|---|---|---|
Isithuthi sasekhaya esilula | 25–40µm | ~1.0–1.5 mil |
Ukuhamba okusemgangathweni kunye ne-extrusions jikelele | 40–60µm | ~ 1.5–2.5 mil |
Uhambo olongezelelweyo olunokuphathwa rhoqo | 60–100 µm | ~2.5–4.0 mil |
Ukongeza, abasebenzi bokupakisha bafaka iigada zekona zerabha ezinobunzima kuzo zonke iikona eziveziweyo zesakhelo. Aba balindi berabha yesiko bafunxa ukothuka kwempembelelo ngexesha leentshukumo zecrane okanye iforklift. Ukukhusela ubuthathaka Amalungu efestile yealuminiyam phambi kokuba ikhreyithi idityaniswe igcina umgangatho wemveliso iyonke kuzo zonke iindlela zokuthumela ngenqanawa zamazwe ngamazwe.
UkuPakisha iiOdolo zeWindow yeAluminiyam eninzi kunye neDerchi Window kunye neMigangatho yomnyango
Ifestile yaseDerchi kunye nomnyango isebenzisa i-70,000㎡ yayo indawo yokwenziwa kwezinto ezizisebenzelayo ukwenza amakhreyithi enzelwe ukuthutha imithwalo yehlabathi. I-automation yefektri ekwinqanaba eliphezulu ikhulisa iindlela zokupakisha ezisemgangathweni kwaye iqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwemveliso ngexesha lokuthumela ngenqanawa kumazwe ngamazwe. Ukupakishwa okukhethekileyo kugcina umgangatho wokwakha ophezulu kuzo zonke iifreyimu zesakhiwo ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa.
Ulwakhiwo lwe-ISPM-15 oluhambelanayo namakhreyithi omthi
Amaqela okupakisha akha izikhongozeli zeplywood ezithobelayo ze-ISPM-15 ukuze zikhusele iiodolo zefestile ezininzi ze-aluminium ngexesha leendlela ezinde zokuthumela. Abasebenzi basefektri banyanzelisa imilinganiselo engqongqo yolawulo lomgangatho ngexesha lonke lokudityaniswa kwamakhreyithi. Abasebenzi bakhetha iiphaneli ezidibeneyo ezomeleleyo zokukhusela iiyunithi ezinzima kwiimpembelelo zangaphandle kunye nesitshizi solwandle.
Imigangatho yokuthumela ngenqanawa yamazwe ngamazwe igunyazisa imithetho ethile yokupakishwa ngamaplanga yothutho lweglasi ewela umda:
UNyango lweenkuni oluSinyanzelo : Amalungu emithi ekrwada ekrwada kufuneka aqhunyiswe nokuba yiMethyl Bromide (MB) okanye unyango loBubushushu (HT).
UkuMakisha ngokusemthethweni : Ilogo ye-IPPC eqhelekileyo kunye nekhowudi yonyango emiselweyo ye-HT okanye ye-MB kufuneka igximfizwe ngokubonakalayo kumphezulu wekhreyithi engaphandle.
Izinto ezixolelweyo : Iiphaneli ezenziweyo ezenziweyo (ezifana neplywood, MDF, okanye OSB) aziweli phantsi kwemiqathango ye-ISPM-15 kwaye ayifuni unyango.
I-Hybrid Packaging Rule : Nangona iipaneli ze-plywood zixolelwa, nayiphi na inkxaso yesakhiwo somthi oqinileyo-njengama-A-frames, i-pallets-bearing pallets, okanye i-bracing yangaphakathi-kufuneka ihambelane ngokupheleleyo nonyango kunye nemithetho yokumakisha.
Iikhreyiti zeplywood zesiqhelo zinciphisa ngokufanelekileyo iingozi zokuhamba nge-two-layer-layer yendalo kunye nobunjineli bolwakhiwo:
Uluhlu lwezoyikiso | IsiCwangciso-qhinga sokuKhusela nokuNciphisa |
|---|---|
UkuFumana kobumanzi | Amalungu efestile avalelwe ngokupheleleyo kwiplastiki eyomeleleyo eshwabeneyo kwaye ipakishwe ecaleni kwe-silica gel desiccant ipakethe ngaphakathi kweekhreyithi ukufunxa ukufuma okukhoyo ngexesha lokuthumela elwandle. |
Uxinzelelo loomatshini | Amakhreyithi asebenzisa i-OSB efunxiweyo okanye iplywood eqiniswe ngesakhelo esinzima solwakhiwo lwangaphakathi ukukhusela imithwalo eninzi kunye nokuthintela intshukumo okanye ukutshintshwa kolwakhiwo. |
Ukusebenzisa iiRakhi ze-A-Frame ezithe nkqo
Ukubekwa ngokufanelekileyo ngaphakathi kwezikhongozeli zezothutho kukhusela iiyunithi ezinkulu zeglasi ezigqunyiweyo ekungaphumeleli kwesakhiwo ngexesha lothutho lwaselwandle. Ukulayisha iiyunithi ngokuthe nkqo kwiiracks zeplanga ze-A-frame zithintela uxinzelelo lweglasi ephakathi kunye nokugoba kwesakhelo. Ukubeka iifreyimu ezinzima zithe tyaba kubangela i-sag embindini, ukuguquka okugqithisileyo, kunye nokwaphuka kweglasi.
Abaphangi basefektri bakhusela iiyunithi zeglasi ezimileyo ngokuchasene nefreyimu eyomeleleyo yeplanga kwi-75-degree slant echanekileyo. Le ndlela yokuthumela ngokuthe nkqo ilinganisa imithwalo enzima yesakhiwo ngokulinganayo kuwo wonke amajelo enkxaso asezantsi. Isixhobo sokulayisha esizenzekelayo sibeka iifreyimu ezinzima kwiipalethi ezikhethekileyo ngaphandle kokujija amacandelo efestile yealuminiyam. Ukugcina ulungelelwaniso oluthe nkqo kuhlala kuyeyona ndlela ithembekileyo yokuthumela ngenqanawa yothutho lwezikhongozelo zaselwandle.
Ukukhusela imithwalo nge-Foam Dunnage kunye ne-String
Abasebenzi abapakishayo bafaka iibhloko zokuxinana kogwebu oluphezulu phakathi kweepaneli zeglasi. Ezi zikhewu ezifunxa amagwebu zithintela ukudibana kweglasi ukuya kwiglasi kwaye zinciphise ukungcangcazela. Amagcisa asebenza kumzi-mveliso anyanzelisa imigangatho engqongqo yobulunga ngexesha lokuqikelelwa kokugqibela kwangaphakathi.
Izinto zeNtunja | Umsebenzi wesicelo | Ugxininiso loKhuseleko |
|---|---|---|
Izikhewu eziNxinana kakhulu zeFoam | Yahlula iiyunithi zeglasi ezimeleneyo | Thintela ukukhuhlana kwepaneli kunye neentanda zeglasi ezincinci |
I-Polyester Strapping | Dibanisa amaqela esakhelo kwii-A-frames | Gcina ukuqina kwesakhiwo ngexesha lokuhamba |
I-Corner Edge Buffers | Encase iiperimitha zesakhelo sangaphandle | Funxa iimpembelelo ezisecaleni kunye nokungcangcazela okukhulu |
Amagcisa abopha zonke iifestile ze-aluminiyam ngokuqinileyo ukuya kwi-A-frames yangaphakathi usebenzisa i-high-tensile, i-non-abrasive polyester strapping. Iibhendi zePolyester zibamba imithwalo yobunzima obukhulu ngokukhuselekileyo ngaphandle kokugquma umgubo othambileyo. Ukuzibophelela okuqinileyo kwangaphakathi konyusa umgangatho wekhreyithi uwonke kwaye kuqinisekisa ukomelela okuphezulu kolwakhiwo kuyo yonke inqanawa yaphesheya kweenqanawa. Iiprothokholi zokupakishwa eziqinileyo zigcina umgangatho wokuhanjiswa okuphezulu kwaye ziphelise ukulibaziseka kokuthumela okungalindelekanga. Ukuhlolwa komgangatho oqhubekayo kuqinisekisa umgangatho wokugqibela wemveliso ngexesha lokuthumela ngaphandle.
Ukulawula uThutho loThutho kunye noLungiselelo loThutho lwaMazwe ngaMazwe
Abaphathi bezothutho baphonononga iimfuno zokuthumela ngenqanawa ngaphambi kokuba bathumele imithwalo enzima. Abathumeli bavavanya iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthumela ngenqanawa, kubandakanya nezikhongozeli zolwandle ezivaliweyo kunye neeflethi ezivulekileyo. Abasebenzi bothutho bakhetha eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthumela ngokusekwe kwindawo yokufikelela kwindawo kunye nomthamo wempahla. Izikhongozeli ezivaliweyo zibonelela ngokhuseleko olupheleleyo lwemozulu ngexesha lokuthumela ngenqanawa. Iitreyila ezine-Flatbed zenza lula ukulayishwa kwecrane ngaphezulu kunye nokukhawulezisa iishedyuli zokuhanjiswa kwesiza . Abaphathi bezothutho bajongana nemisebenzi yokuthumela ngenqanawa kumazwe ngamazwe ngenkathalo. Abasebenzi abaphantsi basasaza ubunzima bomthwalo ngokulinganayo kwii-asi zetreyila. Ukuvinjwa komgangatho kuthintela ukunyakaza komthwalo osecaleni, ngelixa ukunyanzeliswa kwecala kukhusela umgangatho wesakhelo. Ukukhetha indlela efanelekileyo yokuthumela ngenqanawa kunciphisa uxinzelelo lwesakhiwo kwiglasi yefestile.
Ukukhetha Phakathi kweeVen ezomileyo kunye neFlatbed Freight
Abathuthi bakhusela amakhreyithi anzima ngaphakathi kwiinqwelwana besebenzisa amaplanga anzima. Abaqhubi abanamava bafaka imitya yewebhu erhabaxayo phezu kwemiphetho yekhreyithi ephezulu. Iiprothokholi ezifanelekileyo zokuthumela ngenqanawa zithintela ukuhamba kwekhreyithi ngexesha lokuhamba elwandle. Abaphathi bempahla balawula iingozi zokuthumela ngenqanawa ngokujongisisa ngononophelo. Ukukhetha indlela yokuthumela ebhetyebhetye kuvumela amaqela olungiselelo ukuba aziqhelanise neendawo zeprojekthi ezinzima.
Ukufakela i-Shock and Tilt Sensors kwiCrates
Ukuhanjiswa komsebenzi wanamhlanje kuxhomekeke kwizixhobo zokuhlola ezothutho ukulandelela iimpembelelo zokuphatha. Izixhobo zedijithali zongeza ukhuseleko lokuthumela ngenqanawa kumgama omde. Ukubekw'esweni okungqongqo kuqinisekisa ubulunga obuphezulu besakhiwo ekunikezelweni kweenkonzo okokugqibela. Abaququzeleli bolungiselelo baqhoboshela izalathisi zempembelelo ngokuthe ngqo kwiindonga zekhreyithi yangaphandle. Ezi zixhobo zibonwayo zinyanzelisa uxanduva kuyo yonke indlela yokuthumela ngenqanawa kumazwe ngamazwe. Abaphathi bempahla bakhetha indlela yokuthumela ethembekileyo ukugcina ukhuseleko lomthwalo ogcweleyo. Ukupakishwa kweglasi kufuna isivamvo esithile somothuko we-g-force threshold ratings ukuze kubekwe iliso kwiiyunithi eziethe-ethe zolwakhiwo:
I-25G threshold rating (efana ne-ShockWatch 2 QR 25G) kwiindibano zeglasi ezibuthathaka kakhulu
I-50G threshold rating (efana neShockWatch 2 QR 50G) yomgangatho iikhreyiti zefestile zentengiso
Izalathi ezithambekileyo zilumkisa abamkeli ukuba abaphangi banika iingcebiso ngeekhreyithi ezingaphaya kwezithambeka ezikhuselekileyo. Imigangatho yokuthumela engqongqo igcina ukusebenza kwefestile iyonke. Amagosa eCustoms ahlola i-NFRC, CE, kunye ne-AS2047 amaxwebhu ovavanyo kunye ne-manifest yokuthumela. Amaphepha othotyelo acacileyo akhawulezisa ukukhutshwa kwezibuko ngexesha lokuthunyelwa kwenqanawa phesheya kolwandle. Iingxelo zovavanyo eziqinisekisiweyo ziqinisekisa umgangatho ophezulu wesakhelo kuwo wonke umthwalo. Amaqela olungiselelo athelekisa iinketho ezithembekileyo zokuthumela ngenqanawa ukunqanda ukulibaziseka kwezibuko. Ukukhetha indlela yokuthumela ngenqanawa eqinisekisiweyo kuqinisekisa ukuhamba ngokukhuselekileyo ukunqumla yonke imida.
Ukukhutshelwa kweNdawo yoMsebenzi eKhuselekileyo kunye neeProtokholi zokuGqibela zokuFumana
Abaphathi beeprojekthi bacwangcisa imihla yonikezelo ngezigaba kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu zorhwebo. Ukuhanjiswa ngezigaba kuthintela iindawo zokugcina ezixineneyo kwiindawo zokwakha ezixakekileyo. Ukufika ngenqanawe ngenqanawe kukhusela amakhreyithi anzima ekonakalisweni kwesiza ngengozi. Abasebenzi besiza balungiselela iindawo ezinikezelweyo zokumisa phambi kokuba inqwelo erhuqwayo yokuthumela imithwalo ifike. Ukucwangcisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuthunyelwa kwenqanawa kugcina ukufikelela kwindawo ekhuselekileyo.
Ukuhambisa i-Mechanical Crane kunye ne-Forklift Equipment
Ukothula iikhreyithi ezinzima kufuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokuphakamisa. Abasebenzi bothulo basebenzisa iifolokhwe ezikhutshiweyo zeforklift okanye i-crane hoists ezinemivalo ebanzi yokusasaza. Imivalo yespreader isasaza amandla okuphakamisa ngokulinganayo kwisakhiwo sekhreyithi. Izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zithintela ukuguqulwa kwekhreyithi ngexesha lomsebenzi wokulayisha. Izilingi zikhusela izilingi zokuphakamisa inayiloni zijikeleze iindawo zokulinganisa eziphawulweyo. Abaqhubi abangaqeqeshwanga akufuneki bangxamele inkqubo yokuthumela ngenqanawa ngexesha lokuhanjiswa kwesiza. Abasebenzi abanamava bahambisa ikhreyithi yokuthumela ngenqanawa ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo yayo emiselweyo. Ukuphathwa okulawulwayo ngexesha lokuthumela kukhusela umgangatho wesakhelo sesakhiwo kwimpembelelo yengozi.
Ingcebiso: Soloko uhlola iindawo zokuncamathelisa isilingi phambi kokuba uphakamise iikhreyiti ezinzima zokuthumela. Nokuba ukuhanjiswa kobunzima bomthwalo kuqinisekisa ukuphathwa ngokukhuselekileyo kwempahla ngexesha lokuhanjiswa kwesiza.
Ukwenziwa koHlolo lokuFika kunye nokuSayina koMgangatho
Amaqela afumanayo aphumeza iinkqubo ezingqongqo zolawulo lomgangatho ngoko nangoko emva kokubekwa kwekhreyithi. Abahloli balandela uluhlu lokukhangela oluneenkcukacha ngaphambi kokuba basayine umboniso wohambiso.
Inyathelo lokuHlola | Kufuneka Inyathelo | Umgangatho woMgangatho |
|---|---|---|
Jonga ngokubonakalayo | Hlola ukupakishwa kwangaphandle kunye neenzwa zothuso | Iikhreyithi zokuthumela ngenqanawe ezinezivamvo ezingasebenziyo |
Ukujonga isakhelo | Ukulinganisa imilinganiselo yediagonal yesikweri | Ulungelelwaniso lwesakhelo esichanekileyo kwiifestile ze-aluminiyam |
Khangela iglasi | Jonga iiyunithi zeglasi phantsi kokukhanya okuqaqambileyo | Ukucaca okungenasiphako kunye nomgangatho wemveliso ngokubanzi |
Iikontraka ziqinisekisa ulungelelwaniso lwesakhelo kunye nomgangatho womphezulu phambi kokuba zikhulule umqhubi wempahla. Ukubhalwa komgangatho wesakhiwo kuthintela iingxabano malunga nomonakalo wokuthuthwa kwenqanawa. Ukuhlolwa okukhawulezileyo kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kokuthunyelwa kwenqanawa kulo lonke ukuhanjiswa kwentengiso.
Uhambo olukhuselekileyo lwefestile lufuna izigaba ezine ezibalulekileyo: ukulungiswa komphezulu, isiko le-ISPM-15 icrating ethe nkqo, uthutho lothutho olukhuselekileyo, kunye nokothula indawo ngoomatshini. Ukusebenzisana nomthengisi othembekileyo kuqinisekisa ulawulo oluzenzekelayo lomgangatho ngexesha lokupakishwa kwefektri. Olu qwalaselo olungqongqo lwenqanawe lugcina umgangatho wolwakhiwo kwaye lunqanda ixesha lokuphumla kwindawo eneendleko. Ukukhetha iiprothokholi zokuthumela eziqinisekisiweyo zikhusela iifestile ze-aluminium zodidi oluphezulu kumonakalo wokuhamba. Abaphuhlisi banamhlanje bagcina umgangatho wonikezelo jikelele ngolawulo lokuhanjiswa kwenqanawa. Qhagamshelana neqela lethu lezinto zokusebenza namhlanje ukuze ucele ukuhanjiswa kwesiko kunye neenkcukacha zokuhanjiswa kolwakhiwo lwakho lwentengiso!
FAQ
Kutheni abaphathi bolungiselelo bekhetha icrating ethe nkqo ye-A-frame?
Iiracks ezithe nkqo ze-A-frame zikhusela iiyunithi ezinkulu zeglasi ukusuka kwi-sag ephakathi kunye ne-flexing. Le ndlela yokuthutha ikhethekileyo ilinganisa imithwalo enzima yesakhiwo ngokulinganayo kuwo wonke amajelo asezantsi. Amaqela okupakisha agcina ulawulo olungqongqo lwekhwalithi ngexesha lokukhusela umthwalo ukuthintela ukophuka kweglasi ebiza kakhulu ngexesha lokuhamba phesheya kolwandle.
Abathengisi bangaphandle bazikhusela njani iifreyimu ezigqunywe ngumgubo ngexesha lokuhamba elwandle?
Amagcisa asefektri afaka iifilimu ezikhuselayo kunye noonogada bekona yerabha enzima kwizakhelo ezikrwada. I-Shrink-wrap igubungela amakhreyithi onke ecaleni kweepakethe ze-desiccant ukuvimba ukufuma. Lo mthetho wokhuseleko upheleleyo ukhusela imithwalo ngexesha lokuhamba elwandle kwaye unciphisa ukukrala komphezulu.
Loluphi ukhetho lwezothutho olusebenza ngcono ekothulweni kwindawo yomsebenzi?
Iitreyila ezine-Flatbed zenza lula ukufikelela kwi-crane kwaye zikhawulezise iishedyuli zokuhanjiswa kweprojekthi. Abaphathi bothutho bakhetha indlela yokuthumela ebhetyebhetye esekwe kufikelelo lwesiza. Indlela nganye yokuthumela ngenqanawa ibonelela ngeengenelo ezizodwa zokuphatha iikhreyiti zeglasi ezinzima zokwakha ngokukhuselekileyo.
Kutheni iikhreyithi zefestile zifuna abenzi boluvo bomothuko?
Abenzi boluvo bomothuko bajonga amandla okuphatha ngokurhabaxa kuyo yonke into indlela yokuthumela ngenqanawa kumazwe ngamazwe . Amaqela oLungiselelo aqhoboshela i-25G okanye i-50G izikhombisi kwiindonga zekhreyithi yangaphandle. Ezi zixhobo ezibonakalayo zinyanzelisa uxanduva lomphathi ngexesha lokuthumela umgama omde kunye nokudluliselwa kwezibuko.
Yeyiphi imigangatho yomthi eqinisekisiweyo esebenza kumakhreyithi efestile yamazwe ngamazwe?
Amakhreyithi okuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kufuneka ahambelane nemithetho ye-ISPM-15 yonyango lwamaplanga. Izixhaso zamaplanga zifuna unyango lobushushu okanye ukufuthwa kweekhemikhali phambi kokuthunyelwa kwenqanawa phesheya kolwandle. Ezi prothokholi zingqongqo zithintela ungcoliseko lwezinambuzane kwaye ziqinisekisa ukucocwa kwezithethe ezigudileyo ngexesha lokuthumela ngenqanawa kwihlabathi.
