Kungani I-U-Values Ibalulekile Ekusebenzeni Kwamandla Ewindi

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Ikhaya Amabhulogi Amabhulogi Kungani I-U-Values Ibalulekile Ekusebenzeni Kwamandla Ewindi

Inani le-U lewindi likala izinga lokudluliswa kokushisa okungelona ilanga kuyo yonke ingilazi nokuhlanganiswa kohlaka. Ama-U-values aphansi abonisa ukufakwa kwe-thermal okuphezulu. Lawa ma-assemblies athuthukisiwe agcina ukushisa kwangaphakathi ngaphakathi phakathi nezinyanga ezibandayo zasebusika futhi avimbe ukushisa okuzungezile ehlobo elishisayo.

Ithiphu: Amavelu e-U aphansi asho ukusebenza okungcono kokushisa kanye nokonga okuphezulu kwensiza yesikhathi eside.

Ukuqonda amanani e-U kuvumela abanikazi bezindlu, abaklami bezakhiwo, kanye abakhi bezentengiselwano ukukhetha imikhiqizo esebenza kahle kakhulu ethuthukisa ukulawulwa kwesimo sezulu. Ukuthuthukela ewindini Lokusebenza Ngokusebenza Kwamandla kunciphisa izindleko zensiza kakhulu:

I-Replacement Scenario	Ukonga Umthethosivivinywa Wokusebenza Waminyaka Yonke
Ukushintsha Ifasitelana Elilodwa IWindows	$126 - $465
Ifaka esikhundleni se-Double-Pane, Clear Glass Windows	$27 - $111

Okuthathwayo Okubalulekile

Amanani e-U aphansi asho ukufakwa kwamafasitela okungcono kakhulu kanye nezindleko zamandla zenyanga eziphansi kakhulu.
Ukukhetha amafasitela azonga amandla kuqeda imidwebo yegumbi engakhululekile futhi kuvimbela ukufiphala kwengilazi yangaphakathi.
Ingilazi enamafasitelana amathathu kanye namafreyimu avaleleke avimbela ukushisa ukuze ugcine ikhaya lakho linethezekile unyaka wonke.
Ukuhlanganisa amanani aphansi e-U nezilinganiso zelanga ezifaniswa nesimo sezulu kusiza ikhaya lakho lihlangabezane namakhodi okwakha esimanje.

Liyini I-Window U-Value?

Inani le-U lewindi likala izinga lokushisa okungelona ilanga eligeleza ngokuhlangana okuphelele kwewindi. Izinombolo eziphansi zibonisa ikhono elingcono lokwahlukanisa. Ochwepheshe bezokwakha babala lesi silinganiso ukuze bahlole ukusebenza kahle kwe-thermal kukonke.

Ukuqonda i-Thermal Transmittance

I-Thermal Transmittance ichaza ukuthi ukushisa kuhamba kalula kanjani ezintweni zokwakha. Ukushisa kudlulisa phakathi komhlangano wewindi ngezindlela ezintathu ezihlukene ezibonakalayo: i-convection, i-convection, ne-radiation.

Imodi yokudlulisa ukushisa	Ukudlulisa Indlela	Indawo Eyisisekelo Efasiteleni	Isu Lokunciphisa
Ukuqhuba	Amandla ashisayo aqondile ageleza ngezinto eziqinile	Uhlaka lwewindi, ingilazi, nama-spacer bars	Ukusebenzisa amaphrofayili amagumbi amaningi kanye namakhefu ashisayo aqhubekayo
I-Convection	Ukunyakaza okushisayo okuqhutshwa ukujikeleza kwegesi	Umgodi ogcwele igesi (IGU) phakathi kwamafasitelana engilazi	Ukuthuthukisa igeometri yobubanzi begebe phakathi kwamafasitelana
Imisebe	Ukukhishwa kanye nokumuncwa kwamandla e-infrared ezindaweni zonke	Indawo yengilazi	Ukusebenzisa okokushisisa okuncane (low-E) ukukhombisa amandla e-infrared

Imodi yokudlulisa ngayinye ithinta ukusebenza kwamandla okuphelele. Izindlela zobunjiniyela ezithuthukisiwe ziqondise zontathu izindlela ukuze kuncishiswe ukudluliswa kwe-thermal ngokuphelele.

I-U-Value vs. R-Value

Abanikazi bezindlu abaningi babona amanani e-R avela emikhiqizweni evamile yokufakwa kwasekhaya. I-R-value ikala ukumelana nokushisa, ikhombisa amandla wento evimbela ukugeleza kokushisa. Ngokuphambene, inani le-U likala ukudluliswa kwe-thermal, libonisa ukuhamba kalula kokushisa phakathi kwenhlangano.

Ukhiye Wokuthatha: Umsebenzi we-R-value kanye ne-U njengokuphambana kwezibalo okushiwo ubunikazi be-$U = rac{1}{R}$.

Imethrikhi / Ubudlelwano	Ifomula	Isibonelo sokubala
Ubudlelwano Bezibalo	I-Mathematical Reciprocals / Inverses	$U = rac{1}{R}$ noma $R = rac{1}{U}$
Guqula i-U-Value ibe yi-R-Value	$R = rac{1}{U}$	Inani le-U lika-$0.10 \umcibisholo ongakwesokudla R = \frac{1}{0.10} = 10$
Guqula i-R-Value ibe yi-U-Value	$U = rac{1}{R}$	R-inani lika-$3.45 ightarrow U = rac{1}{3.45} approx 0.29$

Ukuqonda lobu budlelwano obuphambene kusiza abakhi bakhethe okulungile Iwindi le-Energy Efficiency lokunethezeka okukhulu kwangaphakathi nokulawulwa kwesimo sezulu.

Kungani I-U-Values Ibalulekile Ekusebenzeni Kwefasitela Lokusebenziseka Kwamandla

Amafasitela ahlanganisayo afaka amanani e-U ngokuvamile asukela phakathi kuka-0.20 no-1.20. Izilinganiso eziphansi zidlala indima ebalulekile ezindaweni ezibandayo zezulu ngoba zivimba ukushisa okuyigugu kwasendlini ukuthi kungaphumi. Ukuqonda lezi zinombolo kusiza abathengi ukuthi bakhethe amawindi aphatha ukudlulisa okushisayo kahle unyaka wonke.

Ukwehlisa Izindleko Zokushisisa Nokupholisa

Ukudluliswa kwe-thermal ephansi kunciphisa ngokuqondile umthwalo womsebenzi we-HVAC. Lapho amawindi evimba ukugeleza okushisayo okungafunwa, amasistimu okushisa nawokupholisa asebenza kancane. Lokhu kusebenza kahle kuhumusha ukonga amandla kwanyanga zonke futhi kwehlisa i-carbon footprint yesakhiwo. Ukukhetha i Iwindi Lokusebenza Kahle Kwezamandla ligcina izinga lokushisa lomoya wasendlini lizinzile ngaphandle kokubeka ingcindezi eyengeziwe kumishini.

Kodwa-ke, inani le-U litshela ingxenye kuphela yendaba eshisayo. Ochwepheshe bezokwakha bahlola inani le-U eduze ne-Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) ukuze abale amandla aphelele ashisayo.

Imethrikhi	Isilinganiso Esiyisisekelo	Iqhaza Ekusebenzeni Kwamandla Aphelele
I-U-Value (U-Factor)	Izinga lokulahlekelwa ukushisa okungelona ilanga/ukuqhuba ngomhlangano.	Ihlola ukusebenza kahle kwe-thermal insulation; amanani aphansi avimbela ukushisa kwangaphakathi ukuthi kungaphumi.
I-Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC)	Inani lokushisa okukhazimulayo kwelanga okuvunyelwe ngengilazi.	Ilinganisa izinga lokushisa lelanga elingashintshi; amanani aphansi avimba ukuzuza kokushisa kwelanga okungafunwa.
Ubudlelwano obuhlanganisiwe	Ukuhwebelana phakathi kokulahlekelwa ukushisa nokuzuza ukushisa.	Ukuzuza kokushisa kwelanga (i-SHGC ephezulu) kungasusa ukulahlekelwa ukushisa (I-U-Value ephezulu) ukuze ibhalansise ibhalansi yonke yamandla kuye ngendawo yesimo sezulu.

Izindawo zesimo sezulu zinquma ukuthi lawa mamethrikhi amabili asebenza kanjani ndawonye:

I-Southern Climate Standards : I-U-Factor ingaba ngu-0.40, kodwa i-SHGC iboshwe ngokuqinile ku-0.25 ukuze kuncishiswe imithwalo yokupholisa.
Ibhalansi Yesimo Sezulu EseNyakatho : Ama-U-Factors aphezulu avumelekile uma abhangqwe ne-SHGC ephakeme, okuvumela ukuzuza kokushisa kwelanga ukuze kuqedele ukulahlekelwa ukushisa okushisayo.

Ukuqeda Okusalungiswa kanye Nokuthuthukisa Induduzo Yangaphakathi

Izingilazi ezibandayo zehlisa ukunethezeka kwasendlini phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika. Uma ingilazi yangaphakathi yehla izinga lokushisa, ibangela ukuzwa okusalungiswa okubonakalayo nokulahlekelwa ukushisa komzimba okukhazimulayo.

Comfort Mechanism	I-Physical Phenomenon	Umthelela Ekunethezekeni Kokushisa Komuntu & Okusalungiswa
Ukungakhululeki kwe-Downdraft	Umoya ofudumele wangaphakathi uthinta indawo yengilazi ebandayo, ulahlekelwe ukushisa, uminyene, bese ushona phansi.	Ikhiqiza amaza omoya abandayo ahamba phansi, abangele okusalungiswa okuzwakalayo okubandayo ezinyaweni nasemaqakaleni.
Ukungakhululeki Okukhazimulayo	Ingaphezulu lengilazi elingaphakathi liyehla izinga lokushisa, lehlise izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi elikhazimulayo esikhaleni.	Ishintsha ukushintshana kokushisa okukhazimulayo komuntu, kwenze abahlali bazizwe bebanda ngokusekelwe kuzinga lokushisa lengilazi, ukukhishwa kwezinto, kanye nendawo yokubuka.

I-Comfort Insight: Ukwehlisa inani le-U kugcina indawo yengilazi yangaphakathi ifudumele, emisa ukwehla okubandayo phansi futhi igcine ukunethezeka kwegumbi njalo.

Ama-U-values aphansi aphinde asuse ukufiphala kwamafasitela angaphakathi angaphakathi. Ingilazi ebandayo ikhipha umswakama emoyeni ofudumele wasendlini, idale amaconsi amanzi emaphethelweni ohlaka kanye nasezingilazini. Izingxenye zamafasitela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ziphakamisa izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu kwendawo yamazolo.

Isakhi	I-Insulation Strategy / Innovation	Umthelela Engozini Yokujiya
Glazing Unit	Ihlanganisa i-Low-E coatings kanye nokugcwaliswa kwegesi engasebenzi ukuze kuzuzwe ama-U-factors aphansi	Igcina izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lengilazi yangaphakathi, ivimbela umswakama ukuthi ungafiki endaweni yamazolo.
Ukwenza iwindi	Ihlanganisa amakhefu ashisayo kanye nezinto ezifakwayo zokuvikela izinto ezisetshenziswayo njenge-aluminium	Inyusa izinga lokushisa elingaphakathi lohlaka lwangaphakathi ngaphezu komkhawulo wokujiya.
I-Edge Spacers	Isebenzisa izinto zokuvikela ezithuthukile phakathi kwamafasitelana engilazi	Inciphisa ukubhoboza okushisayo emingceleni yengilazi, inciphise ukujiya konqenqema.

Ukukhetha imikhiqizo yamafasitela ene-U-factor engabizi kakhulu kunciphisa ngokuqondile ubungozi bokufiphala kwangaphakathi.
Amawindi afakwe i-insulation asebenza kahle kakhulu axazulula ukuminyanisa emthonjeni kunokuthembela ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla okusebenzayo njengezinqamuli zomswakama.

Ukuhlangana Namakhodi Amandla kanye Namazinga Okwakha

Amakhodi okwakha esimanje adinga ukuthotshelwa okuqinile kwezinhloso zokonga ugesi. Izindinganiso zamandla ezentengiselwano ezifana ne-ASHRAE 90.1 ziphoqelela ubuningi obuvumelekile be-U-factor ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusimama kwesakhiwo.

Umkhawulo Wokuphoqelelwa Okukhulu : Izindinganiso zamandla ezentengiso zibeka imikhawulo ephezulu ye-U-factor, edinga amawindi afakiwe ukuthi ahlangabezane noma ehle ngaphansi kwale mikhawulo yezinombolo ezithile.
Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza : Ibhalansi yamazinga idinga ukusebenza okushisayo ngokumelene nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko, okuhlanganisa ukuncipha kwembuyiselo yokonga amandla.
Ukuvumelana nezimo : Amaphrojekthi ahlangabezana nezidingo zekhodi ngokucacisa amafasitela ahlanganisa anezici ze-U eziphansi noma ngokusebenzisa imodeli yamandla esakhiwo esihlanganisiwe nezindlela zokuhweba lapho izingxenye ngazinye zeqa imikhawulo ebekiwe.

Ukukhetha iwindi eliqinisekisiwe le-Energy Efficiency kuvumela abaklami bezakhiwo nabakhi ukuthi bahlangabezane namakhodi wesifunda wamandla ngaphandle komthungo kuyilapho bethola izinzuzo zezomnotho zesikhathi eside.

Izingxenye Ezibalulekile Efasiteleni Lokusebenziseka Kwamandla

Izingxenye ezimbalwa zesakhiwo eziwumgogodla zisebenza ndawonye ukuze kwehlise inani le-U eliphelele lomhlangano wewindi:

Uhlobo lwefasitelana lengilazi kanye nenani
Ukwakhiwa kwempahla yohlaka
I-Low-E microscopic surface coatings
I-insulating gas igcwalisa phakathi kwamafasitelana engilazi
Ama-spacers ewindi afudumele azungeze imiphetho ye-perimeter

Izinketho zokucwebezela eziphindwe kabili nezikathathu

Abaklami bezakhiwo behlisa ukudluliswa kokushisa ngokuthuthukisa kusuka kumafasitelana engilazi eyodwa kuya kumayunithi engilazi afakwa ungqimba. Ukwengeza amafasitelana engilazi engeziwe kudala amakamelo omoya avaliwe abamba ukushisa ngempumelelo.

Ukucushwa kwe-glazing	I-Whole-Window U-Factor Range (BTU/hr·ft²·°F)
I-Double-Pane Ejwayelekile	0.30 - 0.35
I-Low-E Argon Double-Pane	0.25 - 0.30
Amayunithi Ephaneli Kathathu Ejwayelekile	0.10 - 0.20
I-High-Performance Triple-Pane	0.14 – 0.26

Ukukhetha amayunithi anephaneli ephindwe kathathu kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa ukushisa cishe phakathi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinketho eziyisisekelo zamafasitelana akabili.

I-Low-E Coatings kanye ne-Argon Gas Fills

Abakhi bafaka izimbotshana zensimbi ezinciphile kakhulu (Low-E) ngqo endaweni yengilazi yangaphakathi. Lezi zendlalelo ezingabonakali zibonisa ukushisa kwe-infrared emuva emthonjeni wako wokushisa. Izindlu zigcina ukushisa kwangaphakathi kwesithando somlilo phakathi nobusika obubandayo, kuyilapho zivimba imisebe yelanga eshisayo phakathi nehlobo elishisayo.

Ngaphakathi kwendawo yengilazi, amagesi angenayo anamandla afana ne-argon athatha indawo yomoya ovamile. I-Argon yenza ukushisa okuncane kakhulu kunomoya-mpilo noma i-nitrogen. Lokhu kugcwaliswa kwegesi eminyene kumisa ama-convection currents ashisayo phakathi kwezingqimba zengilazi, kwenze owakho Iwindi le-Energy Efficiency lisebenza ngokuthembekile unyaka wonke.

Amafreyimu aphukile kanye nama-spacers

Izinto zohlaka zidlala indima enkulu ekuqhutshweni kwe-thermal jikelele. Amaphrofayili ensimbi eluhlaza adlulisa ukushisa ngokushesha, kuyilapho izinto ezingezona ezensimbi zimelana nokugeleza okushisayo ngokwemvelo.

I-Frame Material	I-Thermal Conductivity & Ukusebenza
I-Fiberglass	I-thermal conductivity ephansi kakhulu, enikeza ukufakwa kwe-top-tier.
I-Vinyl (PVC)	I-conductivity ephansi ye-thermal enezinketho zokufaka ama-multi-chamber.
Izinkuni	Isivikeli semvelo esisebenzayo ngenxa yesakhiwo samangqamuzana aphilayo.
I-Aluminium	I-thermal conductivity ephezulu ngaphandle uma onjiniyela befaka ikhefu lesakhiwo se-thermal.

Ukuqanjwa kwe-Polyamide kunikeza amanani aphansi kakhulu okudlulisela okushisayo kune-aluminium eluhlaza. Ukuwahlanganisa kuhlaka kuletha inzuzo ehlanganisiwe yesakhiwo kanye ne-thermal, okunikeza ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza okufika ekunciphiseni ngo-20% ku-U-factor..

Onjiniyela bafaka imichilo ye-PA66 GF25 polyamide phakathi kwamaphrofayela ozimele we-aluminium yangaphakathi nangaphandle. Lezi zithiyo zokuvikela i-insulating zinqamula ukudluliswa kokushisa kozimele ngo-50% kuya ku-70%, kwakheka isistimu yewindi ye-Energy Efficiency esebenza kahle kakhulu evimba isimo sezulu esinzima sangaphandle. Ama-spacer bar asonqenqemeni olufudumele avala unqenqema lwengilazi ukuvikela umngcele obandayo webhuloho elishisayo.

Izixazululo Ezisebenza Kakhulu ngefasitela nomnyango we-Derchi

I-Derchi Window and Door ihola imakethe yomhlaba wonke ngeminyaka engaphezu kwengama-25 yobungcweti bokukhiqiza i-aluminium. Inkampani yenza amasistimu emvilophu yokwakha ye-premium aletha ukulawula okushisayo okungenakuqhathaniswa kumaphrojekthi wesimanje wezakhiwo.

Ubunjiniyela Bezohwebo Nezakhiwo

I-Derchi iklama amaphrofayili e-aluminium angu-6063-T5 aphuke ngokushisa aphatha amaphrojekthi esakhiwo adingekayo kalula. Lawa masistimu athuthukisiwe athola ama-U-factors ahlaba umxhwele phakathi kuka-0.27 no-0.32 ngokusebenzisa ubunjiniyela be-thermal obuhlakaniphile:

Ukwakhiwa Kwemigodi Eminingi : Udonga lwephrofayela engu-1.8mm luhlanganisa amakamelo angaphakathi abambezela ukudluliswa kokushisa.
I-Expanded Thermal Barrier : Umugqa wokufaka obanzi ongu-44mm uhlukanisa insimbi yangaphandle ezindaweni ezingaphakathi.
Uhlelo Lokuvala Kathathu : Izendlalelo ezintathu ezihlukene ze-EPDM ze-gasket zimisa ukungena komoya futhi zivale umswakama.

Isigaba sesici	I-Design Mechanism	Air Infiltration Defense
I-Multi-Point Locking	Uhlelo lokukhiya lwamaphuzu ayisithupha olunezinhlangothi ezine	Ivikela amaphoyinti ayisithupha emaphethelweni ozimele ukuze ucindezele amabhande aqinile ngokumelene nama-perimeter seal.
Isimo Sezulu	AmaGaskets e-EPDM anezingqimba ezintathu	Yakha izithiyo zomzimba eziqhubekayo ezivimba umoya, ukungena okusalungiswa, nomsindo ongafuneki.

Lezi zakhi zesakhiwo zisekela ama-facade engilazi amakhulu futhi amakhulu iminyango eshelelayo enamathrekhi amaningi . Amafasitela e-Derchi ahlangana kalula nezakhiwo zodonga lwamakhethini kuyilapho emelana nezingcindezi zomoya zedizayini ezifika ku-5 kPa kanye nokuqina kwamanzi kufika ku-700 Pa.

Ukuqinisekisa Ikhwalithi: Izindikimba zokuhlola zomhlaba wonke ziqinisekisa imikhiqizo ye-Derchi ngaphansi kwamazinga e-NFRC, CE, AS2047, kanye ne-CSA. Ngamunye Iwindi le-Energy Efficiency lihlolwa imboni izikhathi ezingu-42 futhi liza newaranti yokusebenza yeminyaka eyi-10.

Ukukhetha I-U-Value Elungile Yesimo Sezulu Sakho

Abaklami bezakhiwo bakhetha ama-U-values ewindi elithile kanye nezilinganiso ze-SHGC ezisekelwe ezindaweni zesimo sezulu zesifunda kanye nesimo sesakhiwo.

Isimo Sezulu	Iwindi Lethagethi U-Value	Umgomo Oyinhloko
Isimo Sezulu Esibandayo saseNyakatho	≤ 0.22 Btu/h·ft²·°F	Misa ukulahlekelwa ukushisa futhi unciphise imithwalo yokushisisa yasebusika.
Isimo Sezulu SaseNingizimu Esifudumele	0.30 – 0.45 W/m²·K	Vimbela ukushisa kwelanga kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokupholisa.

Ukubekwa kwewindi kwamasu kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamandla wokwakha wonke:

I-West-Facing Windows : Ingilazi ye-SHGC ephansi ivimbela ukwakheka kokushisa kwelanga okunamandla.
I-Windows-Facing South : Ingilazi ye-SHGC emaphakathi ithwebula ukufudumala kwasebusika okuwusizo uma kubhangqwe nomthunzi wangaphandle.
I-North-Facing Windows : Ukukhetha iwindi Lokusebenza Kahle Kwezamandla elinenani eliphansi le-U kuthatha kuqala ngoba lawa ma-facade athola ukushisa kwelanga okuqondile okuncane.

Ama-Window U-values alawula ukusebenza kokushisa okuphelele kanye nokonga kwensiza yesikhathi eside. Ukukhetha iwindi eliqinisekisiwe le-Energy Efficiency kunciphisa izikweletu zanyanga zonke zamandla, kuthuthukisa ukunethezeka kwansuku zonke kwasendlini, futhi kwenelisa amakhodi okwakha esifunda aqinile. Izakhiwo zesimanje ze-aluminium ezigqunyiwe zigcina amazinga okushisa apholile asendlini ngaso sonke isikhathi ngenkathi iletha imbuyiselo yezezimali eqhubekayo.

Thatha Isinyathelo: Ochwepheshe bezokwakha nabanikazi bezindlu bangathinta iwindi nomnyango we-Derchi namuhla ukuze bahlole izixazululo zezakhiwo eziqinisekisiwe futhi bacele ukubonisana ngephrojekthi yangokwezifiso.

FAQ

Liyini inani le-U elihle lamawindi ayonga amandla?

Inani le-U lewindi elihle ngokuvamile lisukela phakathi kuka-0.20 no-0.30. Izinombolo eziphansi zikhombisa ukuqina okuphezulu. Abanikazi bezindlu ezifundeni ezibandayo kufanele bakhethe amanani e-U angaphansi kuka-0.25 ukuze bakhulise ukugcinwa kokushisa kwangaphakathi futhi behlise izikweletu zokushisisa zasebusika.

Ingabe inani le-U eliphansi lihlala lisho iwindi elingcono?

I-U-value ephansi iqinisekisa ukufakwa kwe-thermal okungcono. Kodwa-ke, abathengi kufanele futhi bahlole I-Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC). Izimo zezulu ezishisayo eziseningizimu zidinga izilinganiso eziphansi ze-SHGC ukuze kuvinjwe ukushisa kwelanga, kuyilapho isimo sezulu esisenyakatho sizuza ekuzuzeni ukushisa kwelanga okungenzi lutho.

Inothi Elisheshayo: Linganisa amanani aphansi e-U nezilinganiso ze-SHGC ezifanele isimo sezulu ukuze uthole isamba sokusebenza kahle kwamandla.

Ngabe izinto zohlaka zithinta kanjani inani le-U lewindi?

Izinto zohlaka ziba nomthelela omkhulu ekudluliselweni kokushisa okujwayelekile. Ozimele be-aluminium eluhlaza bahambisa ukushisa ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, amaphrofayili e-aluminium anjiniyela anamakhefu e-polyamide ashisayo avimba ukudluliswa kokushisa ngempumelelo. Lo mklamo ohlakaniphile udala amasistimu amawindi aqinile, awonga amandla kakhulu.

Ingabe ingilazi enephaneli ephindwe kathathu ingawehlisa ngokuphawulekayo amanani e-U?

Yebo! Ukwengeza ifasitelana lengilazi lesithathu kwakha amakamelo amabili egesi avaleleke. Amayunithi amaphaneli amathathu anciphisa ukulahlekelwa ukushisa cishe ngo-50% uma kuqhathaniswa namafasitela anefasitelana eliphindwe kabili. Bashayela ama-U-values ewindi lonke behle baye emazingeni ahlaba umxhwele phakathi kuka-0.10 no-0.20.